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Lateral violence
Lateral violence or horizontal hostility is a form of intra-group conflict where members of an oppressed group displace their agression towards their own community rather than towards the oppressors of the community. Work environments with strong vertical hierarchies and where horizontal hostility is common are associated with poor outcomes for patients and clients. Horizontal hostility benefits oppressing groups and impedes movements that promote social justice.
Targets of horizontal hostility may be members of the group who are perceived to be more mainstream or relatable to the oppressive cultural groups.
Horizontal hostility has been studied in relation to Indigenous communities, institutional settings (especially nursing), and social movements such as feminism.
Horizontal hostility within feminist movements has been studied since the 1970s.
Brazilian educator and philosopher Paulo Freire discussed horizontal violence in his book Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970). Freire observed that members of oppressed groups act as "sub-oppressors" when they direct their hostility and frustration toward their peers instead of the oppressing group. Freire theorized that "sub-oppressors" act from feelings of low self-esteem, powerlessness, and fear of reprisal, lashing out at members of their own group because that feels safer and allows them to feel more powerful.
Lateral violence within Indigenous communities is part of a cycle of abuse and its roots lie in factors such as: colonisation, oppression, intergenerational trauma and the ongoing experiences of racism and discrimination. These traumas contribute to self-oppressing or bullying behaviours within the community. Those experiencing and those committing lateral violence are more likely to be involved in crime in the United States, and the United Kingdom.[citation needed]
In Australia and Canada, lateral violence is widely seen as an intergenerational learned pattern and major social problem in indigenous communities. In Australia surveys have reported that up to 95% of Aboriginal youth had witnessed lateral violence in the home, and that 95% of the bullying experienced by Aboriginals was perpetrated by other Aboriginals.
A 2008 study by the Canadian Ministry of Health found that trauma resulting from the Canadian boarding school systems has led to substance and alcohol abuse. This, along with severing ties to indigenous culture predisposes indigenous communities towards domestic abuse and violence.
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Lateral violence
Lateral violence or horizontal hostility is a form of intra-group conflict where members of an oppressed group displace their agression towards their own community rather than towards the oppressors of the community. Work environments with strong vertical hierarchies and where horizontal hostility is common are associated with poor outcomes for patients and clients. Horizontal hostility benefits oppressing groups and impedes movements that promote social justice.
Targets of horizontal hostility may be members of the group who are perceived to be more mainstream or relatable to the oppressive cultural groups.
Horizontal hostility has been studied in relation to Indigenous communities, institutional settings (especially nursing), and social movements such as feminism.
Horizontal hostility within feminist movements has been studied since the 1970s.
Brazilian educator and philosopher Paulo Freire discussed horizontal violence in his book Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970). Freire observed that members of oppressed groups act as "sub-oppressors" when they direct their hostility and frustration toward their peers instead of the oppressing group. Freire theorized that "sub-oppressors" act from feelings of low self-esteem, powerlessness, and fear of reprisal, lashing out at members of their own group because that feels safer and allows them to feel more powerful.
Lateral violence within Indigenous communities is part of a cycle of abuse and its roots lie in factors such as: colonisation, oppression, intergenerational trauma and the ongoing experiences of racism and discrimination. These traumas contribute to self-oppressing or bullying behaviours within the community. Those experiencing and those committing lateral violence are more likely to be involved in crime in the United States, and the United Kingdom.[citation needed]
In Australia and Canada, lateral violence is widely seen as an intergenerational learned pattern and major social problem in indigenous communities. In Australia surveys have reported that up to 95% of Aboriginal youth had witnessed lateral violence in the home, and that 95% of the bullying experienced by Aboriginals was perpetrated by other Aboriginals.
A 2008 study by the Canadian Ministry of Health found that trauma resulting from the Canadian boarding school systems has led to substance and alcohol abuse. This, along with severing ties to indigenous culture predisposes indigenous communities towards domestic abuse and violence.