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Horse harness

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Horse harness

A horse harness is a device that connects a horse to a horse-drawn vehicle or another type of load to pull. The two main designs of horse harness are the breast collar and the full collar. The trade that makes harnesses is a saddler or harness maker.

For pulling heavy loads, a full collar is required because it distributes pressure over a larger area of the horse. An ill-fitting full collar can cause chafing on the horse's skin and can interfere with its breathing, as can a breast collar that is positioned too high.

Putting harness on a horse is called harnessing or harnessing up. Attaching the harness to the vehicle or load is called putting to in the British Isles, or hitching in North America. The order of putting on harness components varies by discipline, but when a horse collar is used, it is usually put on first.

Harness components designed for other animals (such as the yoke used with oxen) are not suitable for horses and will not allow the horse to work efficiently.

Early horse-drawn vehicles were limited by simple throat-and-girth harnesses, which restricted a horse's breathing and reduced the amount of weight it could pull. Over time, new harness designs were developed to improve efficiency and allow horses to pull heavier loads. In ancient China, innovations such as the breast strap and improved yoke arrangements allowed horses to work more effectively in front of carts and chariots. By the early medieval period, the invention of the rigid horse collar transformed traction by distributing weight across the horse's shoulders rather than its neck, greatly increasing pulling power. These improvements in harness design supported the development of heavier vehicles, expanded agricultural and commercial transport, and contributed to the widespread use of horse-drawn equipment throughout Europe and Asia.

Different regions and different purposes cause variation in harness construction, however there are many parts of harness that are common.

The collar and traces are responsible for pulling the load. The rest of the harness is for keeping the harness in position, holding the vehicle or load, and controlling the horse.

A collar is the part which a horse pushes against with its shoulders and chest. The two main designs are the breast collar harness and the full collar harness.

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