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Huayna Capac
Huayna Capac (/ˈwaɪnə ˈkæpæk/ WY-nə KAP-ak; Cusco Quechua: Wayna Qhapaq [ˈwajna ˈqʰapaχ] – lit. 'the young generous one'; Spanish: [ˈwajna ˈkapak]; before 1493 – 1527) was the eleventh Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu, the Inca Empire. He was the son of and successor to Túpac Inca Yupanqui, the sixth Sapa Inca of the Hanan dynasty, and eleventh of the Inca civilization. He was born in Tumipampa and tutored to become Sapa Inca from a young age.
Tawantinsuyu reached its greatest extent under Huayna Capac, as he expanded the empire's borders south along the Chilean coast, and north through what is now Ecuador and southern Colombia. According to the priest Juan de Velasco he absorbed the Quito Confederation into his empire by marrying Queen Paccha Duchicela, halting a long protracted war. Huayna Capac founded the city Atuntaqui and developed the city Cochabamba as an agriculture and administrative center. The Sapa Inca greatly expanded the Inca road system and had many qullqa (storehouses) built.
Huayna Capac died in 1527, likely from a European disease introduced to the Americas by the Spaniards. The death of him and his eldest son Ninan Cuyochi sparked the Inca Civil War, in which his sons Huáscar and Atahualpa fought over succession as the next Sapa Inca. Tawantinsuyu fell to Spanish conquests shortly after Atahualpa's victory.
Huayna Capac's original name was Tito Cusi Huallpa (Hispanicized spelling) T'itu Kuši Wallpa (reconstructed Classical Quechua) before ascending to Sapa Inca. Huayna Capac has many alternative transliterations, among the most popular ⟨Huaina Capac⟩, ⟨Guaina Capac⟩, ⟨Wayna Qhapaq⟩, and many others. The name comes from Quechua wayna "young" and qhapaq "mighty, powerful", thusly "the young mighty one", and not the other way around *"the mighty young one".
Subjects commonly approached Sapa Incas adding epithets and titles when addressing them, such as Wayna Qhapaq Inka Sapʼalla Tukuy Llaqta Uya "unique sovereign Huayna Capac, listener to all peoples".
The exact place and date of Huayna Capac's birth are unknown. Though he was raised in Cuzco, he may have been born in 1468 in Tumebamba (modern Cuenca) and have spent part of his childhood there. He was the son of Túpac Inca Yupanqui (ruled 1471–1493) who had extended Inca rule north into present-day Ecuador, a process continued by Huayna Capac.
Huayna Capac's first wife was his full sister, the Quya or Queen Consort Coya Cusirimay. The couple produced no male heirs, but Huayna Capac sired more than 50 legitimate sons, and about 200 illegitimate children with other women. Huayna Capac took another sister, Araua Ocllo, as his royal wife. They had a son they named Thupaq Kusi Wallpa, later known as Huáscar.
Other sons included Ninan Cuyuchi (the Crown Prince), Atahualpa, Túpac Huallpa, Manco Inca, Paullu Inca, Atoc, Konono, Wanka Auqui, Kizu Yupanqui, Tito Atauchi, Waman Wallpa, Kusi Wallpa, Tilka Yupanqu. Some of them later held the title of Sapa Inca, although some later Sapa Inca were installed by the Spaniards.
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Huayna Capac
Huayna Capac (/ˈwaɪnə ˈkæpæk/ WY-nə KAP-ak; Cusco Quechua: Wayna Qhapaq [ˈwajna ˈqʰapaχ] – lit. 'the young generous one'; Spanish: [ˈwajna ˈkapak]; before 1493 – 1527) was the eleventh Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu, the Inca Empire. He was the son of and successor to Túpac Inca Yupanqui, the sixth Sapa Inca of the Hanan dynasty, and eleventh of the Inca civilization. He was born in Tumipampa and tutored to become Sapa Inca from a young age.
Tawantinsuyu reached its greatest extent under Huayna Capac, as he expanded the empire's borders south along the Chilean coast, and north through what is now Ecuador and southern Colombia. According to the priest Juan de Velasco he absorbed the Quito Confederation into his empire by marrying Queen Paccha Duchicela, halting a long protracted war. Huayna Capac founded the city Atuntaqui and developed the city Cochabamba as an agriculture and administrative center. The Sapa Inca greatly expanded the Inca road system and had many qullqa (storehouses) built.
Huayna Capac died in 1527, likely from a European disease introduced to the Americas by the Spaniards. The death of him and his eldest son Ninan Cuyochi sparked the Inca Civil War, in which his sons Huáscar and Atahualpa fought over succession as the next Sapa Inca. Tawantinsuyu fell to Spanish conquests shortly after Atahualpa's victory.
Huayna Capac's original name was Tito Cusi Huallpa (Hispanicized spelling) T'itu Kuši Wallpa (reconstructed Classical Quechua) before ascending to Sapa Inca. Huayna Capac has many alternative transliterations, among the most popular ⟨Huaina Capac⟩, ⟨Guaina Capac⟩, ⟨Wayna Qhapaq⟩, and many others. The name comes from Quechua wayna "young" and qhapaq "mighty, powerful", thusly "the young mighty one", and not the other way around *"the mighty young one".
Subjects commonly approached Sapa Incas adding epithets and titles when addressing them, such as Wayna Qhapaq Inka Sapʼalla Tukuy Llaqta Uya "unique sovereign Huayna Capac, listener to all peoples".
The exact place and date of Huayna Capac's birth are unknown. Though he was raised in Cuzco, he may have been born in 1468 in Tumebamba (modern Cuenca) and have spent part of his childhood there. He was the son of Túpac Inca Yupanqui (ruled 1471–1493) who had extended Inca rule north into present-day Ecuador, a process continued by Huayna Capac.
Huayna Capac's first wife was his full sister, the Quya or Queen Consort Coya Cusirimay. The couple produced no male heirs, but Huayna Capac sired more than 50 legitimate sons, and about 200 illegitimate children with other women. Huayna Capac took another sister, Araua Ocllo, as his royal wife. They had a son they named Thupaq Kusi Wallpa, later known as Huáscar.
Other sons included Ninan Cuyuchi (the Crown Prince), Atahualpa, Túpac Huallpa, Manco Inca, Paullu Inca, Atoc, Konono, Wanka Auqui, Kizu Yupanqui, Tito Atauchi, Waman Wallpa, Kusi Wallpa, Tilka Yupanqu. Some of them later held the title of Sapa Inca, although some later Sapa Inca were installed by the Spaniards.
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