Ibn al-Haytham
Ibn al-Haytham
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Ibn al-Haytham's Influence on Later Scientists and Optics

This timeline tracks the influence and legacy of Ibn al-Haytham's work on subsequent generations of scientists, both in the Islamic world and in Europe, and their impact on the development of the field of optics.
Translation of "Kitab al-Manazir" into Latin
13th Century
Ibn al-Haytham's "Kitab al-Manazir" was translated into Latin, becoming known as "De Aspectibus". This translation made his work accessible to European scholars and laid the foundation for the development of optics in the West.
Roger Bacon's Study of "De Aspectibus"
13th Century
Roger Bacon, an English philosopher and scientist, extensively studied "De Aspectibus". Bacon's work, influenced by Ibn al-Haytham, emphasized the importance of experimentation and observation in the study of nature, and he greatly admired Ibn al-Haytham's emphasis on mathematics in the study of light.
Witelo's "Perspectiva"
14th Century
Witelo (also known as Vitello), a Polish mathematician and natural philosopher, wrote "Perspectiva", a comprehensive treatise on optics that drew heavily on Ibn al-Haytham's "De Aspectibus". "Perspectiva" became a standard textbook on optics in Europe for several centuries.
Kepler and Snell's Refraction Laws
16th-17th Centuries
Johannes Kepler and Willebrord Snellius built upon Ibn al-Haytham's work on refraction, formulating precise mathematical laws governing the bending of light. Kepler's work on lenses was crucial for the development of the telescope and microscope.
Development of Telescopes and Microscopes
17th Century
The understanding of optics developed based on Ibn al-Haytham's discoveries played a vital role in the invention and refinement of optical instruments such as telescopes and microscopes, transforming astronomy and biology.