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Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 AI simulator
(@Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793_simulator)
Hub AI
Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 AI simulator
(@Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793_simulator)
Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793
The insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 (French: Journées du 31 mai et du 2 juin 1793, lit. 'Day of 31 May to 2 June 1793') during the French Revolution started after the Paris Commune demanded that 22 Girondin deputies and members of the Commission of Twelve be brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal. Jean-Paul Marat led the attack on the representatives in the National Convention, who in January had voted against the execution of King Louis XVI and since then had paralyzed the convention. It ended after thousands of armed citizens surrounded the convention to force it to deliver the deputies denounced by the Commune. The insurrection resulted in the fall of 29 Girondins and two ministers under pressure of the sans-culottes, Jacobins, and Montagnards.
Because of its impact and importance, the insurrection stands as one of the three great popular insurrections of the French Revolution, following the storming of the Bastille and the insurrection of 10 August 1792. The principal conspirators were the Enragés: Claude-Emmanuel Dobsen and Jean-François Varlet. Jean-Nicolas Pache and Pierre Gaspard Chaumette led the march on the convention.
During the government of the Legislative Assembly (October 1791–September 1792), the Girondins had dominated French politics. After the insurrection of 10 August 1792 and the start of the National Convention in September 1792, the Girondin faction (c. 150) was larger than the Montagnards (c. 120), the other main faction of the convention. Most ministries were in the hands of friends or allies of the Girondins, and the state bureaucracy and the provinces remained under their control.
The convention was expected to deliver a new constitution, as the 10 August insurrection had rejected the Constitution of 1791. However, by the spring of 1793, the convention was instead dealing with civil war, imminent invasion, difficulties, and dangers.
On 26 May, after a week of silence, Maximilien Robespierre delivered one of the most decisive speeches of his career. He openly called at the Jacobin Club "to place themselves in insurrection against corrupt deputies". Maximin Isnard declared that the convention would not be influenced by any violence and that Paris had to respect the representatives from elsewhere in France. The Convention decided Robespierre would not be heard. (During the whole debate Robespierre sat on the gallery.) The atmosphere became extremely agitated. Some deputies were willing to kill if Isnard dared to declare civil war in Paris; the president was asked to give up his seat.
The Convention caved to pressure and released Claude-Emmanuel Dobsen and Jean-François Varlet on 27 May, three days after their arrest.[citation needed] On 28 May a weak Robespierre excused himself twice for his physical condition but attacked in particular Jacques Pierre Brissot of royalism. He referred to 25 July 1792 where their points of view split. Robespierre left the convention after applause from the left side and went to the town hall. There he called for an armed insurrection against the majority of the convention. "If the Commune does not unite closely with the people, it violates its most sacred duty", he said. In the afternoon the Commune demanded the creation of a Revolutionary army of sansculottes in every town of France, including 20,000 men to defend Paris. 29 May was occupied in preparing the public mind, according to historian François Mignet.
Delegates representing 33 of the sections met at the Évêché (the Bishop's Palace behind the Notre-Dame de Paris) declared themselves in a state of insurrection against the aristocratic factions and the oppression of liberty. A committee of nine, including Varlet and Dobsen, was appointed to lead the revolt.
On the same day, several new members were added to the Committee of Public Safety: Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, Georges Couthon, and Hérault de Seychelles. The Department of Paris gave its support to the movement, and in name of the sections François Hanriot was appointed "Commandant-General" of the Parisian National Guard by the vice-president of the convention. At 3 p.m., the tocsin in the Notre-Dame was rung, in the streets barriers were erected and the city gates were closed. The insurrection was directed by the committee at the Évêché (the Bishop's Palace Committee).
Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793
The insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 (French: Journées du 31 mai et du 2 juin 1793, lit. 'Day of 31 May to 2 June 1793') during the French Revolution started after the Paris Commune demanded that 22 Girondin deputies and members of the Commission of Twelve be brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal. Jean-Paul Marat led the attack on the representatives in the National Convention, who in January had voted against the execution of King Louis XVI and since then had paralyzed the convention. It ended after thousands of armed citizens surrounded the convention to force it to deliver the deputies denounced by the Commune. The insurrection resulted in the fall of 29 Girondins and two ministers under pressure of the sans-culottes, Jacobins, and Montagnards.
Because of its impact and importance, the insurrection stands as one of the three great popular insurrections of the French Revolution, following the storming of the Bastille and the insurrection of 10 August 1792. The principal conspirators were the Enragés: Claude-Emmanuel Dobsen and Jean-François Varlet. Jean-Nicolas Pache and Pierre Gaspard Chaumette led the march on the convention.
During the government of the Legislative Assembly (October 1791–September 1792), the Girondins had dominated French politics. After the insurrection of 10 August 1792 and the start of the National Convention in September 1792, the Girondin faction (c. 150) was larger than the Montagnards (c. 120), the other main faction of the convention. Most ministries were in the hands of friends or allies of the Girondins, and the state bureaucracy and the provinces remained under their control.
The convention was expected to deliver a new constitution, as the 10 August insurrection had rejected the Constitution of 1791. However, by the spring of 1793, the convention was instead dealing with civil war, imminent invasion, difficulties, and dangers.
On 26 May, after a week of silence, Maximilien Robespierre delivered one of the most decisive speeches of his career. He openly called at the Jacobin Club "to place themselves in insurrection against corrupt deputies". Maximin Isnard declared that the convention would not be influenced by any violence and that Paris had to respect the representatives from elsewhere in France. The Convention decided Robespierre would not be heard. (During the whole debate Robespierre sat on the gallery.) The atmosphere became extremely agitated. Some deputies were willing to kill if Isnard dared to declare civil war in Paris; the president was asked to give up his seat.
The Convention caved to pressure and released Claude-Emmanuel Dobsen and Jean-François Varlet on 27 May, three days after their arrest.[citation needed] On 28 May a weak Robespierre excused himself twice for his physical condition but attacked in particular Jacques Pierre Brissot of royalism. He referred to 25 July 1792 where their points of view split. Robespierre left the convention after applause from the left side and went to the town hall. There he called for an armed insurrection against the majority of the convention. "If the Commune does not unite closely with the people, it violates its most sacred duty", he said. In the afternoon the Commune demanded the creation of a Revolutionary army of sansculottes in every town of France, including 20,000 men to defend Paris. 29 May was occupied in preparing the public mind, according to historian François Mignet.
Delegates representing 33 of the sections met at the Évêché (the Bishop's Palace behind the Notre-Dame de Paris) declared themselves in a state of insurrection against the aristocratic factions and the oppression of liberty. A committee of nine, including Varlet and Dobsen, was appointed to lead the revolt.
On the same day, several new members were added to the Committee of Public Safety: Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, Georges Couthon, and Hérault de Seychelles. The Department of Paris gave its support to the movement, and in name of the sections François Hanriot was appointed "Commandant-General" of the Parisian National Guard by the vice-president of the convention. At 3 p.m., the tocsin in the Notre-Dame was rung, in the streets barriers were erected and the city gates were closed. The insurrection was directed by the committee at the Évêché (the Bishop's Palace Committee).
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