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Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide
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Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide
Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide or ferric oxyhydroxide is the chemical compound of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula FeO(OH).
The compound is often encountered as one of its hydrates, FeO(OH)·nH
2O (rust). The monohydrate FeO(OH)·H
2O is often referred to as iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)
3, hydrated iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, or Pigment Yellow 42.
Anhydrous ferric hydroxide occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral bernalite, Fe(OH)3·nH2O (n = 0.0–0.25). Iron oxyhydroxides, FeOOH, are much more common and occur naturally as structurally different minerals (polymorphs) denoted by the Greek letters α, β, γ and δ.
Goethite and lepidocrocite, both crystallizing in orthorhombic system, are the most common forms of iron(III) oxyhydroxide and the most important mineral carriers of iron in soils.
Iron(III) oxyhydroxide is the main component of other minerals and mineraloids:
The color of iron(III) oxyhydroxide ranges from yellow through dark-brown to black, depending on the degree of hydration, particle size and shape, and crystal structure.
The crystal structure of β-FeOOH (akaganeite) is that of hollandite or BaMn
8O
16. The unit cell is tetragonal with a = 1.048 and c = 0.3023 nm, and contains eight formula units of FeOOH. Its dimensions are about 500 × 50 × 50 nm. Twinning often produces particles with the shape of hexagonal stars.
On heating, β-FeOOH decomposes and recrystallizes as α-Fe
2O
3 (hematite).
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Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide
Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide or ferric oxyhydroxide is the chemical compound of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula FeO(OH).
The compound is often encountered as one of its hydrates, FeO(OH)·nH
2O (rust). The monohydrate FeO(OH)·H
2O is often referred to as iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)
3, hydrated iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, or Pigment Yellow 42.
Anhydrous ferric hydroxide occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral bernalite, Fe(OH)3·nH2O (n = 0.0–0.25). Iron oxyhydroxides, FeOOH, are much more common and occur naturally as structurally different minerals (polymorphs) denoted by the Greek letters α, β, γ and δ.
Goethite and lepidocrocite, both crystallizing in orthorhombic system, are the most common forms of iron(III) oxyhydroxide and the most important mineral carriers of iron in soils.
Iron(III) oxyhydroxide is the main component of other minerals and mineraloids:
The color of iron(III) oxyhydroxide ranges from yellow through dark-brown to black, depending on the degree of hydration, particle size and shape, and crystal structure.
The crystal structure of β-FeOOH (akaganeite) is that of hollandite or BaMn
8O
16. The unit cell is tetragonal with a = 1.048 and c = 0.3023 nm, and contains eight formula units of FeOOH. Its dimensions are about 500 × 50 × 50 nm. Twinning often produces particles with the shape of hexagonal stars.
On heating, β-FeOOH decomposes and recrystallizes as α-Fe
2O
3 (hematite).
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