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Isaac Shoenberg

Sir Isaac Shoenberg (1 March 1880 – 25 January 1963) was a British electronic engineer born in Belarus who was best known for his role in the history of television. He was the head of the EMI research team that developed the 405-line (Marconi-EMI system), the first fully electronic television system to be used in regular broadcasting when it was introduced with the BBC Television Service in 1936. It was later adopted by other TV organizations around the world.

As the head of research at EMI, Schoenberg was Alan Blumlein's supervisor when Blumlein invented stereophonic sound in 1931. Schoenberg was awarded the IET Faraday Medal by the British Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1954 and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1962.

Shoenberg was born on 1 March 1880 to Jewish parents in Pinsk, Imperial Russia (now Belarus) and studied mathematics and electricity at Kiev Polytechnic Institute.

He met his wife, Esther Aisenstein, while they both studied at Kiev. Esther was the first cousin of his friend and long time collaborator Simeon Aisenstein. Their children included the British physicist David Shoenberg and the psychiatrist Elisabeth Shoenberg.

In 1905, Shoenberg was employed to design and install the earliest wireless stations in Russia. However, in 1914, the family emigrated to London so that Isaac could study for a doctoral degree at Imperial College.

The outbreak of war led him to abandon his studies, and he was recruited by Godfrey Isaacs to join the Marconi Wireless and Telegraph Company. In 1919, he became a British subject and, in 1924, he became Marconi's joint general manager. He was recruited by the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1928 as general manager. Early in 1931, Columbia and the Gramophone Company merged and became EMI, and he became director of research at their new Central Research Laboratories in Hayes, Hillingdon. He was Blumlein's supervisor there when Blumlein invented stereophonic sound.

Shoenberg's team applied in 1932 for a patent for a new device they dubbed "the Emitron", which formed the heart of the television cameras they designed for the BBC.

In 1934, EMI formed a new company with Marconi with a research team led by Shoenberg alongside Marconi's Simeon Aisenstein which, with access to patents developed by Vladimir Zworykin and RCA, made significant contributions to the development of television including developing the electronic Marconi-EMI system, the world's first electronic high-definition television system.

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