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Islam in Hungary
Islam in Hungary dates back to the foundation of the state in the late 9th century, with Muslims constituting a portion of the conquering Hungarian tribes. Between the 10th and 13th centuries, it attracted additional Muslim settlers of diverse ethnic origins. The influence of Sunni Islam was especially pronounced in the 16th and 17th centuries during the Ottoman period in Hungary. Moreover, the state has long absorbed movements of ethnic Bosnian, Albanian and Turkish Muslims.
According to reports in the 9th and 10th centuries, Islam was practiced by a significant minority of the conquering Hungarians. The Muslim population in Hungary was joined by additional Muslim settlers between the 10th and 13th centuries. In the old form of the Hungarian language, Muslims were often called Böszörmény, which in turn descends from Arabic: مسلم, Muslim. This term is preserved as both a family name, and as that of the town Hajdúböszörmény. Amongst other names of Muslims in early Hungary were Khalyzians, Saracen and Ishmaelites.
The first Islamic author to speak of this Muslim community was Yaqut al-Hamawi (575-626 AH/1179-1229 CE), he writes about a famous Hungarian student who studied in Aleppo. According to the student, there were 30 Muslim villages in Hungary. Yaqut writes in his famous geographical dictionary, "Mu'ajam al-Buldan", about his meeting with a Hungarian Muslim youth in Syria who was studying Islam there and brought some details of the history and life of their people in Hungary.
The Spaniard Muslim traveler Abu Hamid al Garnati wrote of two types of Muslims in the country, the first being the Böszörmény and the second being the Khalyzians (Khwarezmians). He reported that Géza II of Hungary expressed a great fondness of Muslims.
In the 11th century, St. Ladislaus and later Coloman passed laws against the non-Christians (Synod of Szabolcs). These laws subdued Islam by coercing Muslims to eat pork, go to Church, intermarry, and to forbid them from celebrating Friday. Some of Coloman's laws include:
§ 46 If someone catches Ismaelites in fasting or eating or on keeping away from pork or in ritual washing or in other false practices these Ismaelites have to be sent to the king and whoever sued them shall receive a share from their properties.
§ 47 We command all Ismaelite villages to build a church and finance it. After the church is built the half village should move and settle elsewhere in order to become similar to us in living together and also in Christ and in Church (i.e. become similar in faith).
§ 48 Ismaelites should not marry their daughters to their nation but only to our nation.
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Islam in Hungary
Islam in Hungary dates back to the foundation of the state in the late 9th century, with Muslims constituting a portion of the conquering Hungarian tribes. Between the 10th and 13th centuries, it attracted additional Muslim settlers of diverse ethnic origins. The influence of Sunni Islam was especially pronounced in the 16th and 17th centuries during the Ottoman period in Hungary. Moreover, the state has long absorbed movements of ethnic Bosnian, Albanian and Turkish Muslims.
According to reports in the 9th and 10th centuries, Islam was practiced by a significant minority of the conquering Hungarians. The Muslim population in Hungary was joined by additional Muslim settlers between the 10th and 13th centuries. In the old form of the Hungarian language, Muslims were often called Böszörmény, which in turn descends from Arabic: مسلم, Muslim. This term is preserved as both a family name, and as that of the town Hajdúböszörmény. Amongst other names of Muslims in early Hungary were Khalyzians, Saracen and Ishmaelites.
The first Islamic author to speak of this Muslim community was Yaqut al-Hamawi (575-626 AH/1179-1229 CE), he writes about a famous Hungarian student who studied in Aleppo. According to the student, there were 30 Muslim villages in Hungary. Yaqut writes in his famous geographical dictionary, "Mu'ajam al-Buldan", about his meeting with a Hungarian Muslim youth in Syria who was studying Islam there and brought some details of the history and life of their people in Hungary.
The Spaniard Muslim traveler Abu Hamid al Garnati wrote of two types of Muslims in the country, the first being the Böszörmény and the second being the Khalyzians (Khwarezmians). He reported that Géza II of Hungary expressed a great fondness of Muslims.
In the 11th century, St. Ladislaus and later Coloman passed laws against the non-Christians (Synod of Szabolcs). These laws subdued Islam by coercing Muslims to eat pork, go to Church, intermarry, and to forbid them from celebrating Friday. Some of Coloman's laws include:
§ 46 If someone catches Ismaelites in fasting or eating or on keeping away from pork or in ritual washing or in other false practices these Ismaelites have to be sent to the king and whoever sued them shall receive a share from their properties.
§ 47 We command all Ismaelite villages to build a church and finance it. After the church is built the half village should move and settle elsewhere in order to become similar to us in living together and also in Christ and in Church (i.e. become similar in faith).
§ 48 Ismaelites should not marry their daughters to their nation but only to our nation.