The Islamic Movement in Israel (Arabic: الحركة الإسلامية في إسرائيل; Hebrew: התנועה האסלאמית), also known as the Islamic Movement in '48 Palestine (Arabic: الحركة الإسلامية في فلسطين 48), is an Islamist movement that advocates for Islam in Israel, particularly among Arabs and Circassians.

The movement was established and led by Abdullah Nimar Darwish from 1971 to 1991, when he was replaced by Ibrahim Sarsur. In 1996 the movement decided to participate in the Israeli parliamentary elections for the first time in history. The decision was controversial. Opponents of the participation—based in Umm al-Fahm—branched off and were named the "Northern Branch" while the supporters—based in Kfar Qasim—were named the "Southern Branch". The Southern Branch is considered more moderate, and the Northern Branch more radical. The Northern Branch was banned by the Israeli government in November 2015 due to alleged ties with Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood.

The origins of the Islamic Movement can be traced back to the late years of Mandatory Palestine. Early organization began in the days of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, however, it only began gaining momentum after World War II as a result of cooperation between the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini and the Muslim Brotherhood, which is the parent movement of the Islamic Movement in Israel.

During the 1948 Palestine war, the movement cooperated with the Arab Higher Committee, much like the Egyptian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, which cooperated with the Egyptian military. As a result, it suffered a major setback following the war as all of its institutions in the newly formed Jewish state were shut down. During the period of martial law on Israeli Arabs between 1949 and 1966, the movement was suppressed. The institutions that remained in the West Bank were put under the control of Jordanian authorities, who controlled the West Bank. Though a mild recovery took place in the Gaza Strip during the 1950s under Egyptian rule, there too its influence steadily declined until 1967.

The Six-Day War in 1967 caused renewed Palestinian support, both for the Palestine Liberation Organization, which had transformed from a puppet organization to a militant movement, and for Islamic Palestinian movements, among them the Islamic Movement in Israel. The newly created contact between Israeli Arabs and Palestinian Arabs in the territories occupied in 1967, in which the movement had managed to remain somewhat organized, also contributed to this resurgence. As part of the new contracts, members of the Islamic Movement in Israel were sent to study in religious institutions in the occupied territories. At the same time, the government of Saudi Arabia began to allow Muslim citizens of Israel to perform the Hajj to Mecca (all other holders of Israeli passports are barred from entry into that country).

In 1971 the Islamic Movement in Israel was founded by Abdullah Nimar Darwish after he had completed his religious studies in Nablus. During the 1970s the movement largely focused on establishing welfare services for the Muslim community parallel to those of the state. Among its activities were provision of computers to schools, the establishment of an Islamic football league, marriage arrangement, charity, and more.

Parallel to this charity work, several of the heads of the movement, led by Darwish, established an organization called Osrat al-Jihad ("The Families of Jihad"), with the goal of establishing "an Arab Islamic state in Palestine". The heads of the organization were arrested in 1981 due to allegations that they: "... stockpiled weapons, burned fields, and murdered an Arab in Umm al-Fahm whom they suspected of collaborating with Israel" and as a result many members (including its leader, Darwish) served sentences of between a few months to four years in prison. In prison, the members decided to continue their work under Israeli law.

During the 1980s the movement experienced a rapid increase in support.