Jennifer Carroll MacNeill (née Carroll; born 5 September 1980) is an Irish Fine Gael politician who has served as Minister for Health since January 2025. She previously served as Minister of State for European Affairs from 2024 to 2025 and Minister of State at the Department of Finance from 2022 to 2024. She has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency since the 2020 general election. She has worked as a solicitor and barrister within the public service and also as a government special advisor.

She studied Economics and Social Science at Trinity College Dublin, graduating in 2002 with joint honours in Political Science and Business. She later completed a PhD in public policy and Political Science at University College Dublin, with a thesis entitled Institutional Change in Judicial Selection Systems: Ireland in Comparative Perspective, which won the 2015 Basil Chubb Prize for best political science PhD thesis at an Irish university in 2014.

Carroll MacNeill was a policy advisor to Frances Fitzgerald from April 2011 until June 2013. She then worked for the Minister for Justice and Equality Alan Shatter from September 2013 until his resignation in May 2014. In October 2017, she was appointed as an advisor to Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government Eoghan Murphy on the National Planning Framework and the creation of the Land Development Agency. She worked with Murphy's office until January 2019 when she left to work for a Public Relations firm.

In May 2019, she was elected to Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council for the Killiney–Shankill local electoral area, a position she held until her election as a TD in February 2020.

In early 2020, Carroll MacNeill was selected internally by the Dún Laoghaire branch of Fine Gael to replace Maria Bailey on the ticket for the 2020 general election, following "Swinggate", a controversy revolving around a dubious legal claim made by Bailey that resulted in her subsequent deselection. At the general election in February 2020, she was elected on the 8th count. Frank McNamara was co-opted to Carroll MacNeill's seat on Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council following her election to the Dáil.

In December 2020, 19-year-old Fine Gael member Dylan Hutchinson dropped his campaign for a council seat after being confronted on a Dublin beach by Jennifer Carroll MacNeill about an alleged derogatory social media post he made about a previous TD. Hutchinson was nominated as a candidate to fill a vacancy on Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council after Barry Ward was elected to the Seanad in April 2020.

Carroll MacNeill was the Vice Chair of the Fine Gael Parliamentary Party and Spokesperson for Equality. She was also Vice Chair of the Justice Committee as well as a member of the Public Accounts Committee, the Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement Committee, the Gender Equality Committee and the Autism Committee and was also a member of the Special Dáil Committee on Covid prior to its disbandment into sectoral Committees.

In December 2022, she was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of Finance with special responsibility for Financial Services, Credit Unions and Insurance following the appointment of Leo Varadkar as Taoiseach.