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Jerome Frescobaldi
Jerome, Hieronimo, or Girolamo Frescobaldi (1444–1517) was an Italian financier and textile merchant based in Bruges. He supplied luxury goods to the Scottish court and was described as a "very good friend to the King of Scots". The Frescobaldi family and company, based in Florence, were involved in artistic commissions in England and Scotland. Jerome Frescobaldi was involved in the wool trade with Tommaso Portinari and his sons, and marketed spices obtained by Portuguese traders.
Jerome, Jeronimus, or Hieronymus (Italian: Girolamo) Frescobaldi was a member of the internationally successful Florentine Frescobaldi family, and married to Dianora Gualterotti. He was described as a "Lombard" in Scottish records. Frescobaldi and his business partners in Bruges, the Gualterotti family, sponsored the voyage of Giovanni da Empoli from Lisbon to the Malabar Coast of India in 1503 and 1504, intending that he would be their agent in Calicut for the spice trade.
Jerome Frescobaldi seems to have mostly lived in Bruges. Records survive of his transactions on behalf of the Company of Bruges (Compagni di Bruggia) concerning the wool trade and the Portinari family from 1475 onwards. In June 1493 he and Antonio Gualterotti were involved in a property transaction with a neighbour of Tommaso Portinari, a Medici banker. A list of leading Italians in Bruges in August 1498 is headed by "Hieronimo Frescobaldi", followed by the banker Cornelio Altoviti, Folco Portinari (nephew of Tommaso), Jacobo Palazzoni (factor to Bernardo Rucellai), Oberto Spinola (representative of Batista Ricardini), and Baptista Spinola.
Frescobaldi was one of a chain of bankers who held a jewel mortgaged from the Burgundian Habsburg court known as il Riccho Fiordalisio di Borgogna – the rich lily or blue bottle of Burgundy. This was a reliquary holding a fragment of the cross, a nail, and fabric from a garment of the Virgin Mary.
He established a trading house in Antwerp in 1507 in order to raise credit. He was often in Antwerp in the previous decade, and he was the Florentine consul in Antwerp in 1500. Business transactions in Antwerp and Bruges with the Scottish merchant and staple conservator Andrew Halyburton were recorded in Halyburton's ledger from 1497.
Frecobaldi supplied fabrics and cloth of gold used at the coronation of Henry VII of England in October 1485. The English accounts record his name as "Jarome Frustobald". The materials included "cloth of gold tissue of purple ground", "white cloth of gold" for henchmen's gowns, and crimson and green satin for doublets and placards worn by henchmen and footmen.
Frescobaldi susequently worked to supply James IV of Scotland and his consort Margaret Tudor, and his name appears frequently in the published exchequer records and the manuscript household account. Frescobaldi arranged credit for Scottish clergy travelling in Europe, and was the factor for the foreign debts of Archbishop of St Andrews. He supplied fine textiles for costume, furnishing, and table linen. He was involved in imports from Bruges with a Scottish merchant and courtier, James Merchamestoun. Merchamestoun bought silverware and chairs of estate in 1503 for the king's marriage to Margaret Tudor, and Frescobaldi was involved with William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen, in financing these purchases. Another Scottish merchant buying in Flanders for the king at this time was James Hommyll, who imported tapestries, and hosted a group of Africans apparently including Ellen More for the king in his house on Edinburgh's High Street.
In May 1503 his factor Julian Laci, also called "Julian the Lombard", was paid for purchases made in Flanders, including ermine fur for the collar of the king's gown, five chairs of estate or thrones upholstered in cloth of gold, velvet for another four chairs, and ironwork for the chairs, and 16 gilded pewter balls for the chairs. The chairs were made in Bruges and taken to Middelburg for shipping. Julian Laci also appears in the exchequer rolls, exempted from the export custom duty of Melrose wool. In May 1505, Julian Laci met with Richard Lawson of High Riggs and the burgh council of Edinburgh. He signed a deed recording that a former Provost of Edinburgh, Alexander Lauder, had returned all the goods belonging to Frescobaldi which had been in his custody.
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Jerome Frescobaldi
Jerome, Hieronimo, or Girolamo Frescobaldi (1444–1517) was an Italian financier and textile merchant based in Bruges. He supplied luxury goods to the Scottish court and was described as a "very good friend to the King of Scots". The Frescobaldi family and company, based in Florence, were involved in artistic commissions in England and Scotland. Jerome Frescobaldi was involved in the wool trade with Tommaso Portinari and his sons, and marketed spices obtained by Portuguese traders.
Jerome, Jeronimus, or Hieronymus (Italian: Girolamo) Frescobaldi was a member of the internationally successful Florentine Frescobaldi family, and married to Dianora Gualterotti. He was described as a "Lombard" in Scottish records. Frescobaldi and his business partners in Bruges, the Gualterotti family, sponsored the voyage of Giovanni da Empoli from Lisbon to the Malabar Coast of India in 1503 and 1504, intending that he would be their agent in Calicut for the spice trade.
Jerome Frescobaldi seems to have mostly lived in Bruges. Records survive of his transactions on behalf of the Company of Bruges (Compagni di Bruggia) concerning the wool trade and the Portinari family from 1475 onwards. In June 1493 he and Antonio Gualterotti were involved in a property transaction with a neighbour of Tommaso Portinari, a Medici banker. A list of leading Italians in Bruges in August 1498 is headed by "Hieronimo Frescobaldi", followed by the banker Cornelio Altoviti, Folco Portinari (nephew of Tommaso), Jacobo Palazzoni (factor to Bernardo Rucellai), Oberto Spinola (representative of Batista Ricardini), and Baptista Spinola.
Frescobaldi was one of a chain of bankers who held a jewel mortgaged from the Burgundian Habsburg court known as il Riccho Fiordalisio di Borgogna – the rich lily or blue bottle of Burgundy. This was a reliquary holding a fragment of the cross, a nail, and fabric from a garment of the Virgin Mary.
He established a trading house in Antwerp in 1507 in order to raise credit. He was often in Antwerp in the previous decade, and he was the Florentine consul in Antwerp in 1500. Business transactions in Antwerp and Bruges with the Scottish merchant and staple conservator Andrew Halyburton were recorded in Halyburton's ledger from 1497.
Frecobaldi supplied fabrics and cloth of gold used at the coronation of Henry VII of England in October 1485. The English accounts record his name as "Jarome Frustobald". The materials included "cloth of gold tissue of purple ground", "white cloth of gold" for henchmen's gowns, and crimson and green satin for doublets and placards worn by henchmen and footmen.
Frescobaldi susequently worked to supply James IV of Scotland and his consort Margaret Tudor, and his name appears frequently in the published exchequer records and the manuscript household account. Frescobaldi arranged credit for Scottish clergy travelling in Europe, and was the factor for the foreign debts of Archbishop of St Andrews. He supplied fine textiles for costume, furnishing, and table linen. He was involved in imports from Bruges with a Scottish merchant and courtier, James Merchamestoun. Merchamestoun bought silverware and chairs of estate in 1503 for the king's marriage to Margaret Tudor, and Frescobaldi was involved with William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen, in financing these purchases. Another Scottish merchant buying in Flanders for the king at this time was James Hommyll, who imported tapestries, and hosted a group of Africans apparently including Ellen More for the king in his house on Edinburgh's High Street.
In May 1503 his factor Julian Laci, also called "Julian the Lombard", was paid for purchases made in Flanders, including ermine fur for the collar of the king's gown, five chairs of estate or thrones upholstered in cloth of gold, velvet for another four chairs, and ironwork for the chairs, and 16 gilded pewter balls for the chairs. The chairs were made in Bruges and taken to Middelburg for shipping. Julian Laci also appears in the exchequer rolls, exempted from the export custom duty of Melrose wool. In May 1505, Julian Laci met with Richard Lawson of High Riggs and the burgh council of Edinburgh. He signed a deed recording that a former Provost of Edinburgh, Alexander Lauder, had returned all the goods belonging to Frescobaldi which had been in his custody.