James Eldon Swan (November 18, 1912 – 29 October 1995) was an American country musician and later, a segregationist political candidate.

James Edgar Swan was born on November 18, 1912, in the Sand Hill area of Cullman County, Alabama. After his father left the family, Swan moved with his mother to Birmingham in 1922.

At age 15, he won a talent show at an Alabama radio station. He married at age 17 with Grace Armour, a beauty queen, and quickly had three children, and was unable to put together a band until the beginning of the 1940s, due to him having to provide for his family.

In 1966, Swan was more concerned with his radio station in Hattiesburg, WBKH, than about his singing.

In 1967, Swan ran in the Democratic primary for the governorship of Mississippi on a White supremacy platform, wearing a white suit to stress his political program. His campaign bodyguard Pat Massengale was a member of the Knights of the Green Forrest, a Ku Klux Klan organization.

Swan supported school segregation and the creation of "FREE, private, SEGREGATED SCHOOLS for every white child in the State of Mississippi" in the first twelve months of his term, or else he would resign and publicly apologize, and called to save Mississippi "from the moral degeneracy of total mass integration that Washington has decreed for our children this fall", when schools were to be integrated by the HEW.

He supported White supremacy. He described the urban riots as a part of a "Communist-inspired revolution", promising to use extreme force if such riots occurred in Mississippi.

He managed to attract segregationists who disagreed with how Ross Barnett managed the Ole Miss riot of 1962, finding him too moderate.