John Muir was born in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland, the third of eight children to Daniel Muir and Ann Gilrye. His early life was marked by strict religious upbringing and a deep connection to the Scottish countryside.

The Muir family immigrated to the United States, settling on a farm near Portage, Wisconsin. This move exposed John to a new landscape and culture, profoundly impacting his worldview.

Muir spent his adolescence working hard on the family farm, often performing grueling tasks from dawn till dusk. While physically demanding, this experience instilled in him a strong work ethic and a deep appreciation for the natural world.

Despite the farm work, Muir found time to pursue his intellectual interests. He invented several devices, including a self-operating sawmill, and dedicated himself to self-education, reading extensively in science and literature.

Muir displayed his inventions at the Wisconsin State Fair, gaining considerable attention and recognition for his ingenuity. This marked a turning point, encouraging him to further his education.

Muir attended the University of Wisconsin in Madison, studying botany, geology, and other sciences. While he never formally graduated, his time at the university significantly broadened his knowledge and fostered his scientific curiosity.