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John Wisdom
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Key Information
Arthur John Terence Dibben Wisdom (12 September 1904, in Leyton, Essex – 9 December 1993, in Cambridge),[1] usually cited as John Wisdom, was a leading British philosopher considered to be an ordinary language philosopher, a philosopher of mind and a metaphysician. He was influenced by G.E. Moore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Sigmund Freud, and in turn explained and extended their work.
Life
[edit]Wisdom was educated at Aldeburgh Lodge School, Suffolk, and Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge, where he graduated with a first-class BA degree in Moral Sciences in 1924.[2] He is not to be confused with the philosopher John Oulton Wisdom (1908–1993), his cousin, who shared his interest in psychoanalysis.[3][4]
Wisdom was a lecturer at the University of St Andrews until 1934 when he returned to his alma mater, Cambridge.[5] Here at the Trinity College he became a Professor of Philosophy. Near the end of his career he was Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oregon. A Festschrift titled Wisdom: Twelve Essays (1974), edited by Renford Bambrough, was published near the time of his retirement from the same.[6]
Between the years 1948 and 1950 he delivered the famous Gifford Lectures on religion at the University of Aberdeen. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1950 to 1951.[7]
He was cremated and his ashes were buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge.
Philosophical work
[edit]Before the posthumous publication of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations in 1953, Wisdom's writing was one of the few published sources of information about Wittgenstein's later philosophy.[8]
Of Wisdom's 1936 "Philosophical Perplexity."[9] J.O. Urmson remarked that as the first article "which throughout embodied the new philosophical outlook, it is‘something of a landmark in the history of philosophy."[10]
According to David Pole, "in some directions at least Wisdom carries Wittgenstein's work further than he himself did, and faces its consequences more explicitly."[11]
Wisdom wrote a number of essays addressing the question of the nature of religious beliefs, statements, and questions. Appraising this work D.Z. Phillips writes that; "no one among contemporary philosophers has done more than Wisdom to show us that religious beliefs are not experimental hypotheses about the world". Wisdom utilises his famous Parable of the Invisible Gardener to this end.[12]
The first recorded use of the term "analytic philosophers" occurred in Wisdom's 1931 work, "Interpretation and Analysis in Relation to Bentham's Theory of Definition", which expounded on Bentham's concept of "paraphrasis": "that sort of exposition which may be afforded by transmuting into a proposition, having for its subject some real entity, a proposition which has not for its subject any other than a fictitious entity".[13] At first Wisdom referred to "logic-analytic philosophers", then to "analytic philosophers". According to Michael Beaney, "the explicit articulation of the idea of paraphrasis in the work of both Wisdom in Cambridge and Ryle in Oxford represents a definite stage in the construction of analytic philosophy as a tradition".[13]
Quotes
[edit]If I were asked to answer, in one sentence, the question 'What was Wittgenstein's biggest contribution to philosophy', I should answer 'His asking of the question "Can one play chess without the Queen?"'.[14]
Writings
[edit]For a more complete list of works see Wisdom: Twelve Essays (1974).[15]
Books
[edit]- Interpretation and Analysis in Relation to Bentham's Theory of Definition (1931)
- Problems of Mind and Matter (1934)
- Philosophy and Psycho-analysis (1953)
- The Metamorphosis of Metaphysics (1961) in Proceedings of the British Academy Vol. 47.
- Paradox and Discovery (1965)
- Proof and Explanation, the Virginia Lectures, 1957 (1991)
- Logical constructions (1969)
Papers
[edit]- "God and Evil" in Mind, Vol. 44, No. 173 (Jan., 1935), pp. 1-20.
- "Philosophical Perplexity," in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 37, Issue 1, 1 June 1937, pp.71–88.
- "Gods" in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol. 45 (1944-1945), pp. 185-206.
- "The Concept of Mind" in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, Vol. 50 (1949 - 1950), pp. 189-204.
- "Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1934-1937" in Mind, New Series, Vol. 61, No. 242 (Apr., 1952), pp. 258-260.
- "A Feature of Wittgenstein's Technique" in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 35 (1961), pp. 1-14.
- "Appearance and Reality" in Philosophy, Vol. 52, No. 199 (Jan., 1977), pp. 3-11.
References
[edit]- ^ Ellis, Anthony (2006), "Wisdom, Arthur John Terence", in Grayling, A.C; Goulder, Naomi; Pyle, Andrew (eds.), The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy, Continuum, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199754694.001.0001, hdl:11693/51028, ISBN 9780199754694, retrieved 4 February 2019
- ^ "WISDOM, Prof. Arthur John Terence Dibben". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 2019 (online ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Passmore, John (1917). A Hundred Years Of Philosophy. Gerald Duckworth and Co. pp. 437.
It strikes one as odd that a philosopher should be called 'Wisdom'; that two bearers of the name should be contemporary philosophers passes beyond the limits of the reasonable; that they should both be interested in psycho-analysis has produced in many minds the justifiable conviction that the two are one. But it must be none the less insisted that J. O. Wisdom of the London School of Economics ..is not identical with his cousin Professor John Wisdom of the University of Cambridge.
- ^ Jarvie, I.C. "Obituary: J. O. Wisdom". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022.
J. O. WISDOM was an important contributor to philosophy and to psychoanalysis. To the confusion of some he shared both interests and his apposite surname with his cousin the Cambridge professor J. A. T. D. Wisdom.
- ^ Forrester, John; Cameron, Laura (2017). Freud in Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. p. 357.
- ^ Winch, Peter (1975). "Wisdom: Twelve Essays Edited by Renford Bambrough Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1974, x + 300 pp., £4.50". Philosophy. 50 (192): 239–244. doi:10.1017/S0031819100061118. ISSN 1469-817X. S2CID 170402166.
- ^ Milkov, Nikolay. "John Wisdom (1904-1993)". iep.utm.edu. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- ^ Holloway, John (1954). Wittgenstein, Ludwig; Anscombe, G. E. H. (eds.). "Can You Play Chess without the Queen?". The Hudson Review. 6 (4): 620–625. doi:10.2307/3847669. ISSN 0018-702X. JSTOR 3847669.
- ^ Wisdom, John (1936). "Philosophical Perplexity". Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 37: 71–88. doi:10.1093/aristotelian/37.1.71. ISSN 0066-7374. JSTOR 4544284.
- ^ Urmson, J. O. (1956). Philosophical analysis : its development between the two World Wars. Internet Archive. Oxford : Clarendon Press. p. 173.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ^ Pole, David (1958). "Epilogue: John WIsdom". The Later Philosophy of Wittgenstein. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-4725-1015-0.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - ^ Phillips, D.Z. (1969). "Wisdom's Gods". The Philosophical Quarterly. 19 (74).
- ^ a b Beaney, Michael (2013). "The Historiography of Analytic Philosophy" (PDF). In Beaney, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-19-923884-2.
- ^ John Wisdom, Paradox and Discovery, 1965, p. 88
- ^ Renford, Bambrough, ed. (1974). "Chronological List of Published Writings of John Wisdom, 1928-1972". Wisdom: Twelve Essays. Totowa, N.J., Rowman and Littlefield. pp. 293–300 – via Internet Archive.
External links
[edit]- Arthur John Terence Dibben Wisdom memorial page from Trinity College Chapel.
- Obituary: Professor John Wisdom by Ilham Dilman in The Independent 15 December 1993
- Obituary: Professor John Wisdom by Andor Gomm in The Independent 29 December 1993
- Obituary: Professor John Wisdom Anon. in The Times 13 December 1993
- John Wisdom at Find a Grave
