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Joseph Trumpeldor
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Joseph Trumpeldor
Joseph Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Trumpeldor (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף טְרוּמְפֶּלְדוֹר, IPA: [joˈsef tʁumpelˈdoʁ]; Russian: Иосиф Владимирович [Вольфович] Трумпельдор, IPA: [ɪˈosʲɪf trʊmpʲɪlʲˈdor]; November 21, 1880 – March 1, 1920) was a Russian Zionist activist who helped organize the Zion Mule Corps and bring Jewish immigrants to Palestine. He was killed while defending the settlement of Tel Hai in 1920 and subsequently became a Jewish national hero. According to a standard account, his last words were "It's nothing, it is good to die for our country".
Joseph Trumpeldor was born in Pyatigorsk in the Caucasus to Vladimir Wolf (Ze'ev). Wolf was born in the city of Parczew in Congress Poland, the son of Shmuel Asher, a rabbi. At the age of 13, Wolf was kidnapped as a Cantonist and forced into service in the Russian Imperial Army, where he served for many years as a combat medic. His surname, "Trumpeldor", was likely given to him by his military officers in an effort to distance him from his Jewish religion. Despite his difficult experiences, Wolf did not assimilate, unlike many other Cantonists. Shortly before his discharge, he held a ceremony to inaugurate a Torah scroll at his place of service, which received attention even in Vilnius and was reported in HaKarmel.[dubious – discuss] Wolf married twice. His second wife was Fedusia Axelvant, an educated woman who was distant from Judaism, with whom he had seven children, the fourth being Joseph. The latter was raised by his father with Jewish national pride, loyalty to Judaism, to the Tsar, the Russian army, and their homeland Russia. The language spoken in the family was Russian, not the Yiddish that was commonly spoken among Russian Jews at that time.
Trumpeldor grew up in the city of Rostov-on-Don. At the age of seven, he briefly studied in a Talmud Torah school and later attended the municipal school in Rostov-on-Don, where he excelled in his studies. At the age of 14, influenced by the teachings of Tolstoy, he became a vegetarian and a pacifist. He took exams to enter a real gymnasium (high school), passed successfully, but was not accepted due to the Numerus Clausus, which limited the number of Jews allowed to enroll. Due to the need to learn a trade, he returned to Pyatigorsk, to his brother Herman, who was a dentist, and there he studied dentistry. In 1902, he received a government diploma in Kazan as a dental healer.
Later, when writing about his youth, Trumpeldor referred to the persecution and antisemitism he faced in Russia due to his Jewish identity:
"Along with other Jews, I drank from the cup of suffering and humiliation since childhood because with contempt or hatred, they called me 'Zhid' or deprived me of rights given to other Russian citizens. In me, there is national pride and a high spirit."
Trumpeldor was influenced by the teachings of Herzl and the historic event of the First Zionist Congress (1897). At age 17, he established a Zionist circle in his city and served as its chairman. However, his activities ceased when he was drafted into the Russian army.
In 1902, Trumpeldor was drafted into the army. As a Tolstoyan, he held anti-militaristic views but decided to enlist so that his abstention would not be perceived as Jewish cowardice. He was initially assigned to the 76th Infantry Regiment of the Kuban, based in the city of Tulchyn. There, he befriended David Belotserkovsky.[who?]
Early in his military service, Trumpeldor began developing his ideas about settling in Eretz Yisrael.
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Joseph Trumpeldor
Joseph Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Trumpeldor (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף טְרוּמְפֶּלְדוֹר, IPA: [joˈsef tʁumpelˈdoʁ]; Russian: Иосиф Владимирович [Вольфович] Трумпельдор, IPA: [ɪˈosʲɪf trʊmpʲɪlʲˈdor]; November 21, 1880 – March 1, 1920) was a Russian Zionist activist who helped organize the Zion Mule Corps and bring Jewish immigrants to Palestine. He was killed while defending the settlement of Tel Hai in 1920 and subsequently became a Jewish national hero. According to a standard account, his last words were "It's nothing, it is good to die for our country".
Joseph Trumpeldor was born in Pyatigorsk in the Caucasus to Vladimir Wolf (Ze'ev). Wolf was born in the city of Parczew in Congress Poland, the son of Shmuel Asher, a rabbi. At the age of 13, Wolf was kidnapped as a Cantonist and forced into service in the Russian Imperial Army, where he served for many years as a combat medic. His surname, "Trumpeldor", was likely given to him by his military officers in an effort to distance him from his Jewish religion. Despite his difficult experiences, Wolf did not assimilate, unlike many other Cantonists. Shortly before his discharge, he held a ceremony to inaugurate a Torah scroll at his place of service, which received attention even in Vilnius and was reported in HaKarmel.[dubious – discuss] Wolf married twice. His second wife was Fedusia Axelvant, an educated woman who was distant from Judaism, with whom he had seven children, the fourth being Joseph. The latter was raised by his father with Jewish national pride, loyalty to Judaism, to the Tsar, the Russian army, and their homeland Russia. The language spoken in the family was Russian, not the Yiddish that was commonly spoken among Russian Jews at that time.
Trumpeldor grew up in the city of Rostov-on-Don. At the age of seven, he briefly studied in a Talmud Torah school and later attended the municipal school in Rostov-on-Don, where he excelled in his studies. At the age of 14, influenced by the teachings of Tolstoy, he became a vegetarian and a pacifist. He took exams to enter a real gymnasium (high school), passed successfully, but was not accepted due to the Numerus Clausus, which limited the number of Jews allowed to enroll. Due to the need to learn a trade, he returned to Pyatigorsk, to his brother Herman, who was a dentist, and there he studied dentistry. In 1902, he received a government diploma in Kazan as a dental healer.
Later, when writing about his youth, Trumpeldor referred to the persecution and antisemitism he faced in Russia due to his Jewish identity:
"Along with other Jews, I drank from the cup of suffering and humiliation since childhood because with contempt or hatred, they called me 'Zhid' or deprived me of rights given to other Russian citizens. In me, there is national pride and a high spirit."
Trumpeldor was influenced by the teachings of Herzl and the historic event of the First Zionist Congress (1897). At age 17, he established a Zionist circle in his city and served as its chairman. However, his activities ceased when he was drafted into the Russian army.
In 1902, Trumpeldor was drafted into the army. As a Tolstoyan, he held anti-militaristic views but decided to enlist so that his abstention would not be perceived as Jewish cowardice. He was initially assigned to the 76th Infantry Regiment of the Kuban, based in the city of Tulchyn. There, he befriended David Belotserkovsky.[who?]
Early in his military service, Trumpeldor began developing his ideas about settling in Eretz Yisrael.
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