Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (born 22 February 1952) is a Nepalese politician who served three terms as the prime minister of Nepal, from 2015 to 2016, 2018 to 2021, and 2024 to 2025. He has been the chairman of the communist party CPN (UML) since 2014. Oli was Member of Parliament from 2017 to 2025. Oli's tenure in office has been controversial for frequent use of tongue-in-cheek remarks, hostility towards critics and the media, and accusations of fostering cronyism, corruption, nepotism and racism. After his government killed students during the anti-corruption Gen Z protests in 2025, he was overthrown from his post in government.

Oli opposed the 2015 blockade of Nepal by India. He strengthened relations with China as an alternative to Nepal's traditionally close trade ties with India.

K.P. Sharma Oli was born on 22 February 1952 in Iwa in Tehrathum. His father, Mohan Prasad Oli, was a Brahmin farmer with limited education. His mother, Madhumaya Oli, died from smallpox when he was four. He had a younger brother and three younger sisters from his father's second marriage. Oli completed his primary education at the nearby Pranami Middle School. His family moved to Surunga, Jhapa in 1958 but following floods in the Kankai River, they were left landless and Oli moved in with his grandparents. His family then migrated to Garamani, Jhapa in 1962. He completed his SLC exam from Adarsha Secondary School in 1970. While in Jhapa, Oli was influenced by the anti-Panchayat and Naxalbari movements. He credits his distant uncle Ramnath Dahal for his communist inclination.

After he turned eighteen in 1970, Oli became a member of his local chapter of a splinter group of the Communist Party of Nepal. He was arrested in the same year for his involvement in subversive politics. His group later joined the district committee of the Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan). After the party split in 1972, he became the organizing secretary of a Coordination Committee for the Jhapa rebellion after former secretary Radha Krishna Mainali contracted tuberculosis. Oli, Mohan Chandra Adhikari and Ram Nath Dahal advocated for organizational expansion and public mobilization arguing that authorities would crack down on them for any violent activities. A majority of the committee favored an armed struggle however and in February 1973 he was removed as secretary and had his membership stripped off by hardliners within the committee led by Chandra Prakash Mainali. The next month, Ramnath Dahal was killed by the Panchayat administration.

Following his removal as secretary, Oli went into hiding in Biratnagar. He then got into contact with Mohan Chandra who was in Kanpur, India, at the time. In October 1973 upon his return to Nepal, he was arrested in Rautahat and was imprisoned until 1987. He was first kept in Gaur prison but was moved around before being sent to the Central Jail in Golghar. There he was kept in solitary confinement for four years. Oli was made a central committee member of the Madan Bhandari-led CPN (Marxist–Leninist) while in jail and after his release in 1987 became involved in party activities. He was appointed the Lumbini Zonal chief for the United Left Front in 1989.

After CPN (Marxist–Leninist) merged with CPN (Marxist) to form the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) in 1991, Oli became a founding central committee member of the new party. Later that year he became the founding chairman of the Democratic National Youth Federation. In 1992, he was elected as a standing committee member of the party and was appointed as the chief of the party's publicity department. In the 1991 election, Oli was elected from Jhapa 6. Oli supported party general secretary Madan Bhandari's proposal of People's Multiparty Democracy as the party line in the fifth party congress in 1993. After Bhandari's death on 16 May 1993, a commission to conduct an investigation was made by prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala under the leadership of former supreme court justice Prachanda Raj Anil. The UML labeled the party as pro-Congress and formed their own commission headed by Oli. The report by Oli claimed that the crash was an assassination, while the government commission claimed that the incident was an accident.

He was reelected in the 1994 election from Jhapa 6 and became Home Minister in the minority government of Man Mohan Adhikari. Oli was a coordinator of the party's Mahakali treaty study team and played a key role in the treaty's endorsement in the parliament. He supported general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal at the party's sixth national congress which was boycotted by members led by deputy general secretary Bam Dev Gautam. The boycotting members were suspended by the party and they broke off and reconstituted the CPN (Marxist–Leninist) citing their opposition to the treaty and their unfair treatment within the party. He was reelected again in the 1999 election from Jhapa 2 and Jhapa 6, the latter of which he vacated. In the party's seventh congress in February 2003, Oli put forth a proposal to democratize the party structure and proposed a structure with a chairman and a general secretary. After he was outnumbered in the congress, he withdrew his proposal.

Following the royal coup by King Gyanendra in 2005, he was put under house arrest. Following the 2006 revolution, Oli was appointed as deputy prime minister and foreign minister in Girija Prasad Koirala's interim cabinet. He was also made chair of a cabinet committee to implement the High Level Probe Commission report which investigated abuses of state power and funds since the royal coup. Oli lost in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election in Jhapa 7. At the party's eighth general convention in 2009, his previous proposal for organizational changes was accepted. He was also reelected to the central committee by the congress but lost his bid for party chair to Jhala Nath Khanal.