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Çakırhüyük, Besni
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Çakırhüyük, Besni
Çakırhüyük (formerly known as Kaysun or Armenian: K'esun) is a town (belde) and municipality in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,210 (2021).
The settlements of Abımıstık, Boybeypınarı, Köprübaşı, Levzin and Yeşilova are attached to the town. Abımıstık and Levzin are populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe.
In Roman times, the town was known as Kessos and was situated on the road that led from Germanicea (modern Marash) to Samosata.
The town was conquered by the invading Arabs in the seventh century. In the ninth and tenth centuries, the town of Kaysun was part of the Abbasid province of Al-Jazira. In the early ninth century, while Dionysius of Tel Mahre was the Syriac Orthodox patriarch and a certain Theodoros bishop of Kaysun, the famous monastery of Jacob was built. The monastery held for some time a relic of Severus of Antioch, his right hand, until it was translated into the monastery of Qenneshre. Around 812, the local ruler Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli rebelled against the Abbasid ruler al-Ma'mun and had the town fortified with a triple ring of walls. The town was then besieged by the Abbasids in October 823, and Ibn Shabath had to surrender; the walls were subsequently torn down.
The region was reconquered by the Byzantines by 966 and then fell to Armenians after the Seljuk invasions.
The principality of Kogh Vasil was centered on Kaysun, who restored its fortification and built a palace in the town in the late 11th century. Under his rule, the town became the center of a local Armenian renovatio and Matthew of Edessa, who moved to Kaysun some time after 1116, promoted the town as a successor to the cultural and military glory of Ani.
Vasil intended to connect to ancient Armenian glory, and as such became a patron of the only surviving Armenian institution, that of the Armenian church. As such, he was able to convince first the Armenian Catholicos Gregory II and then Gregory's nephew and deputy Parsegh of Cilicia, who became the confessor of Vasil, to take up residence in Kaysun. Outside the town was the monastery of Karmir Vank (the Red Monastery) where Gregory III was consecrated as Catholicos in 1114/14 and the later Catholicos Nerses IV the Gracious was educated. The artist who painted the three domes of the White Monastery in Egypt in 1124, Theodore, is identified as a native of Kaysun. The town was severely damaged in the earthquake of 1114.
After an Armenian plot to hand over Edessa to Mawdud ibn Ahmad, the ruler of Mosul, failed, Baldwin II annexed Raban and Kaysun to the county of Edessa. The Catholicosate was moved thereafter to Covk to evade the increasing attacks of the Seljuks. Some time after that, the chronicler Matthew of Edessa settled in the town and by 1120, it was given as fief to Geoffrey of Marash. In the same year, an army of 133,000 men (likely exaggerated) under Ilghazi attacked Kaysun and its surrounding areas, burning many villages and enslaving much of the population. The settlement fell to Baldwin of Marash in the 1130s, who in turn appointed an Armenian called Vahram as governor of the town.
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Çakırhüyük, Besni
Çakırhüyük (formerly known as Kaysun or Armenian: K'esun) is a town (belde) and municipality in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,210 (2021).
The settlements of Abımıstık, Boybeypınarı, Köprübaşı, Levzin and Yeşilova are attached to the town. Abımıstık and Levzin are populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe.
In Roman times, the town was known as Kessos and was situated on the road that led from Germanicea (modern Marash) to Samosata.
The town was conquered by the invading Arabs in the seventh century. In the ninth and tenth centuries, the town of Kaysun was part of the Abbasid province of Al-Jazira. In the early ninth century, while Dionysius of Tel Mahre was the Syriac Orthodox patriarch and a certain Theodoros bishop of Kaysun, the famous monastery of Jacob was built. The monastery held for some time a relic of Severus of Antioch, his right hand, until it was translated into the monastery of Qenneshre. Around 812, the local ruler Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli rebelled against the Abbasid ruler al-Ma'mun and had the town fortified with a triple ring of walls. The town was then besieged by the Abbasids in October 823, and Ibn Shabath had to surrender; the walls were subsequently torn down.
The region was reconquered by the Byzantines by 966 and then fell to Armenians after the Seljuk invasions.
The principality of Kogh Vasil was centered on Kaysun, who restored its fortification and built a palace in the town in the late 11th century. Under his rule, the town became the center of a local Armenian renovatio and Matthew of Edessa, who moved to Kaysun some time after 1116, promoted the town as a successor to the cultural and military glory of Ani.
Vasil intended to connect to ancient Armenian glory, and as such became a patron of the only surviving Armenian institution, that of the Armenian church. As such, he was able to convince first the Armenian Catholicos Gregory II and then Gregory's nephew and deputy Parsegh of Cilicia, who became the confessor of Vasil, to take up residence in Kaysun. Outside the town was the monastery of Karmir Vank (the Red Monastery) where Gregory III was consecrated as Catholicos in 1114/14 and the later Catholicos Nerses IV the Gracious was educated. The artist who painted the three domes of the White Monastery in Egypt in 1124, Theodore, is identified as a native of Kaysun. The town was severely damaged in the earthquake of 1114.
After an Armenian plot to hand over Edessa to Mawdud ibn Ahmad, the ruler of Mosul, failed, Baldwin II annexed Raban and Kaysun to the county of Edessa. The Catholicosate was moved thereafter to Covk to evade the increasing attacks of the Seljuks. Some time after that, the chronicler Matthew of Edessa settled in the town and by 1120, it was given as fief to Geoffrey of Marash. In the same year, an army of 133,000 men (likely exaggerated) under Ilghazi attacked Kaysun and its surrounding areas, burning many villages and enslaving much of the population. The settlement fell to Baldwin of Marash in the 1130s, who in turn appointed an Armenian called Vahram as governor of the town.