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King's Scholar

A King's Scholar (abbreviated KS in the United Kingdom) is the recipient of a scholarship established by, or under the auspices of, a British monarch. The scholarships are awarded at certain public schools and colleges in England, including Eton College; The King's School, Canterbury; King's Ely; The King's School, Worcester; Durham School; and Westminster School. At Westminster, the title changes depending on the sex of the reigning monarch.[clarification needed]

On 7 July 1317, King Edward II established the first King's Scholars at the University of Cambridge. On that date, a writ was sent from the king to the sheriff of Cambridgeshire stating that 12 boys from his household were being sent to study at Cambridge under the care of a master, and that the sheriff was to pay their expenses from the money he collected on the king's behalf.

In 1440, King Henry VI established Eton College, originally known as the King's College of our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, as a charity school providing an education free of charge to "poor, scholarly boys". Starting in 1443, the number of King's Scholars was increased to 70 students who were housed in the central College building. Fee-paying students who were not King's Scholars stayed in boarding houses in the town (Latin: oppidum) of Eton, and thus became known as Oppidans.

At Eton College, a King's Scholar (known as a "Colleger" or colloquially as a "tug") is one who has passed the College Election examination and has been awarded a Foundation Scholarship and admitted into a house known as "College", the premises of which are situated within the original ancient purpose-built college buildings. It is the original and oldest Eton house (strictly speaking it was established before the house system developed at Eton, for use by Oppidans) and consists solely of King's Scholars ranging in age from 13 to 18. At any one time there are about 70 King's Scholars, who are distinguished by the wearing of a black academic gown over the usual school uniform of a tail-coat.

The gown is said to be the basis of the traditional nickname given to Collegers of "tugs", from the Latin Gens Togata, i.e. "toga'd people".

As the college's statutes provide for 70 King's Scholars, who remain in College for five years, about 14 are admitted per year (a "block" in Eton argot), at the age of 13. They share most aspects of school life with the Oppidans, including lessons and most sport. However they eat all their meals in College Hall, which has hosted many distinguished guests in its long history including Queen Elizabeth I, and are privy to certain ancient formal traditions not practised by Oppidans. One other difference is that Collegers usually play the Wall Game in the winter term for the full five years, while Oppidans tend to play it only in their last year.

Collegers live in the original ancient central area of the school, either overlooking or in close proximity to School Yard, bounded by Eton College Chapel and Lupton's Tower, with the Founder's Statue in its centre. The boarding house in which Collegers live includes Chamber, the older section, with rooms looking into School Yard, and New Buildings, on the reverse side, which contains the majority of the boys' rooms.

Historically a Foundation Scholarship used to provide full and unconditional waiver of all the school fees, but since the 1960s the scholarship has been increasingly subjected to means testing. As of 2021 a scholarship does not affect the size of fees. However part or all of the fees may be waived, dependent on financial circumstances.

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