The Emirate of Nekor or Salihid Emirate (Arabic: إمارة بني صالح, romanized: ʾImārat Banī Ṣāliḥ) was an emirate centered in the Rif area of present-day Morocco. Its capital was initially located at Temsamane, and then moved to Nekor. The ruling dynasty has been described as either of Himyarite Arab descent or of Nafza Berber descent. The emirate was founded in 710 CE by Salih I ibn Mansur through a Caliphate grant. Under his guidance, the local Berber (Amazigh) tribes adopted Islam, but later deposed him in favor of one Dawud al-Rundi (unlikely to have been a native of Ronda) from the Nafza tribe. They subsequently changed their mind and reappointed Salih ibn Mansur. His dynasty, the Banu Salih, thereafter ruled the region until about 1015.

Several successive political entities controlled the Rif In the period between the 8th and 14th centuries. The Emirate of Nekor, established at the beginning of the 8th century, ended with the destruction of its capital city Nekor in 1080. The area was integrated subsequently into the dominions of the Almoravids, and then those of the Almohads and the Marīnids.

The Emirate of Nekor was the first autonomous state in the Maghreb and the only one that adhered to Sunni Islam exclusively, specifically the Maliki school. Not much is known about the town of Nekor's archaeology outside the field survey and minor excavations conducted in the 1980s. The town has what may have been a mosque, a possible hammam, or public bathhouse, and two substantial walls. Ceramics excavated there include local productions and others that show its connections with Ifrīqya and al-Andalus.

The Arab conquest of North Africa began in 648, bringing Islam, thereafter the predominant religion of the region. Uqba ibn Nafi (662–683) was the leader of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. When his troops attacked local mountain Berber tribes, Arab reinforcements appeared in the Rif to join them. One of these groups was led by a South Arabian called Salih I ibn Mansur, who founded the Banu Salih dynasty in 710, ruling until 749. His putative south Arabian origin is disputed by al-Ya'qubi, who associates him with the Nafza Berber tribe in his Kitab al-Buldan (Book of Countries). The Salih family founded the Emirate of Nekor and ruled it for more than three hundred years. Located beside the river Nekor, east of al-Husaima (al-Hoceima), it prospered through trade and commerce.

According to Riffian tradition, Salih ibn Mansur, ancestor of the Salihids, established himself at Temsamane on the coast, where he converted the local Berber groups, the Ghomara and the Sanhaja, to Islam. The new converts soon became apostate and unseated Salih, and took as their leader a certain Dawud al-Rundi al-Nafzi. Salih was nonetheless restored to the throne and upon his death, his son al-Mu'tasim succeeded him. Later, his grandson Sa'id ibn Idris ibn Salih founded in 760 or 761 the town of Nekor to serve as capital of the small state. The Madinat al-Nakur was situated on the banks of the river Nekor in an alluvial valley of the Rif Mountains, 25 km inland from the Mediterranean coast. Under Idrisid rule it controlled productive agricultural territory that reached the coastal plain near modern-day Al Hoceima. The city flourished as it was on established trade routes and served as an entrepôt for goods shipped from Fes and Sijilmasa in the south of the Rif.

In 859, a major long-distance Viking expedition set out for Spain. They tried to land at Galicia and were driven off. Then they sailed down the west coast of the peninsula and up the river Guadalquivir to Seville, where they burned the mosque but were repelled by a large Muslim force there before entering the Mediterranean through the Straits of Gibraltar and burning the mosque at Algeciras, following which they headed south to Nekor, plundered the city for eight days, and defeated a Muslim force that attempted to stop them.

Nekor was surrounded by a wall of coarse brick that also enclosed gardens and pomegranate and pear orchards. The city had many markets and shops, as well as baths, a large mosque, and an oratory (musalla). According to the historian Ahmed Tahiri it contains the oldest urban structure dating from the medieval period in the west of the Maghreb, built with the earliest Islamic construction methods. He considers the Viking invasion of 859 (Tahiri says 858) and the sacking of Nekor as a demarcation line in its urban evolution, and that afterwards, urban and rural architecture in the area became more defensive in orientation. The rivalry between the Fatimid and the Umayyad Caliphates spurred the development of a new architectural layout in the city.

Fatimid troops sacked the city twice, in 917 and in 934. According to J.D. Latham, 'Abd al-Rahman III, the Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, had observed with growing concern the increasing prestige and power of the Fatimids in the Rif, this region perilously close to al-Andalus. In 927 he began his policy of defensive expansion by occupying Melilla and by 928-929, he opened negotiations with the Idrisids. In retaliation Musa ibn Abi'l-Afiya attacked and vanquished the Umayyad's vassal, al-Mu'ayyad, the Salihid ruler of Nekor, situated between Melilla and Tétouan. The troops of Musa, a Berber chieftain of the Miknasa tribe besieged, sacked, and burned Nekor in 931. With a fleet of forty vessels, the Umayyads launched a naval assault from Ceuta against Nekor and its port, al-Mazamma, and attacked Nekor, devastating the city which was garrisoned by three thousand men.