The Natural regions of Burundi (French: Régions naturelles du Burundi) are geographical subdivisions of Burundi that date to colonial times. They can be broadly grouped into the Plain zone in the west beside Lake Tanganyika and the East African Rift valley, the Congo-Nile ridge, the Central Plateaus and the Depressions to the north, east and south of the plateaus.

Burundi is mostly between 1,500 and 2,000 metres (4,900 and 6,600 ft) above sea level. The highest ridges reach 2,670 metres (8,760 ft) and the lowest area is at 774 metres (2,539 ft) beside Lake Tanganyika. It can be divided into four general topological zones: the Plain zone, holding the natural region of Imbo, with an altitude less than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft); the Congo-Nile ridge including the Mumirwa and Mugamba natural regions; the Central Plateaus including Kirimiro, Buyogoma, Bututsi, Bweru and Buyenzi; and the Depressions of Moso in the east, Buragane in the south, and Bugesera in the north.

Burundi may also be divided into five ecological zones: The first three are the same as the topological zones: the Imbo Plain, Congo-Nile Crest and Central Plateaus. The fourth is the Kumoso Depression, including the Moso and Buragane natural regions. The fifth is the Bugesera Depression in the north.

The original nine natural regions were based in part on geography, geology and climate, but also considered history, the economy and society. They were Imbo, Mumirwa, Mugamba, Buyenzi, Buyogoma, Bweru, Bututsi, Moso and Kirimiro. The current eleven regions are based on relief, climate, altitude and the nature of the soil. They are Imbo, Mumirwa, Mugamba and Bututsi in the west; Buyenzi, Bweru, Kirimiro and Buyogoma in the center; Moso and Buragane in the east; and Bugesera in the north.

A large part of the population of the Plain zone is urban, including residents of the capital Bujumbura and the cities of Rumonge and Nyanza Lac. It was politically separate from the Kingdom of Burundi until the start of the twentieth century.

The Imbo region (Région naturelle d'Imbo) extends along the East African Rift valley and the shore of Lake Tanganyika. The region covers the west of the Cibitoke Province and Bubanza Province, all of Mairie Province, the west of Bujumbura Province, Bururi Province and Makamba Province. The Imbo region is a narrow strip along the east of the Ruzizi River and Lake Tanganyika. It has a flat or slightly undulating topography. It is easily flooded by mountain torrents in the rainy season, and is quite dry in the dry season, which lasts four to six months. Temperatures range from 24 to 30 °C (75 to 86 °F).

The Congo-Nile ridge is an immense steep slope with very rugged relief that forms the divide between the Nile and the Congo River. Mumirwa natural region covers the western foothills, or "Mirwa", of the ridge, while Mugamba natural region contains the highest part of the ridge. The two natural regions have many common characteristics.

The Mumirwa region (Région naturelle de Mumirwa) is one of large hills that penetrate the central plateaus. It was defined during the colonial era. Before then, Mumirwa and Imbo were one region. The Mumirwa region extends from north to south through the central part of Cibitoke Province, the east of Bubanza Province and the central parts of Bujumbura Province and Bururi Province, extending into the northest of Makamba Province. The Mumirwa region is part of the western slope of the Congo–Nile Divide, above the plains along the Rusizi River and Lake Tanganyika, and below the high peaks of the divide, with altitudes of 1,000 to 1,900 metres (3,300 to 6,200 ft).