The Komi (Komi: комияс, romanized: komijas also коми-войтыр, komi-vojtyr) are a Permian ethnic group who are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit a region around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers in northeastern European Russia. They mostly reside in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Federation.

There have been at least three names for the Komi: Permyaks (Russian: пермяки), Zyrians (зыряне), and Komi (коми).

The name Permyaks first appeared in Russian sources in the 10th century and came from the ancient name of the land between the Mezen and Pechora rivers – Perm or Great Perm (Russian: Пермь Великая). Several origins of the name have been proposed, but the most accepted is from Veps Peräma "back, outer or far-away land". In Old Norse and Old English, it was known as Bjarmaland and Beormas respectively, but those Germanic names designate a wider area than the Russian Perm, extending into Arkhangelsk Oblast.

Since the 20th century, the name has been applied only to the southern Komi (Komi-Permyaks) in Perm Krai. In Russia, permyak also means "an inhabitant of Perm or Perm Krai", regardless of ethnicity.

The name for the northern Komis – Zyryans – has a more contradictory origin. It exists since at least the 14th century and has many different forms in various Russian sources such as Seryan (серьяне), Siryan (сирьяне), Syryan (сыряне), and Suryan (суряне), as well as Ziryan (зиряне), Ziranian, and Zyryan (зыряне), but the latter finally became predominant. Turkin believed that it may come from a small tribe of the Komi (probably named saran) which was first met by the Russians, who used the name for all northern Komi. The neighbouring Uralic-speaking peoples use similar names for the Komi: Khanty sərän, sərån, săran, sārån, Mansi sarän, Nenets sānnğr, saran, and Udmurt sara-kum.

The name Komi is the endonym for all subgroups of the people. It was first recorded by ethnographers in the 18th century. It originates from a Finno-Ugric word meaning "man, human": Komi kom, Udmurt kum, Mansi kom, kum, Khanty xum, Selkup qum, and Hungarian hím "male". The theory that stated the word came from the name of the Kama River has been disproven, though some scholars like Paula Kokkonen favour this version.

The Komi are divided into two main groups, which are the Zyryans (northern Komi) and the Permyaks (southern Komi). These are divided into 8 subgroupings (9 if counting the almost completely russified Komi of the Upper Kama), which are further divided into even smaller subgroups. The Komi have been traditionally named after the rivers where they live:

The majority of the Komi live in the Komi Republic as a separate national-administrative entity of the Russian Federation, numbering 256,000 as of the beginning of the 21st century, roughly 30% of the Republic's population. About 60% (607,000) are Russians, about 6% (62,000) are Ukrainians, 1.5% (15,500) are Tatars, and 1.4% (15,000) are Belarusians.