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Lacey Act of 1900
The Lacey Act of 1900 is a conservation law in the United States that, as amended, now prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, possessed, transported, or sold.
Introduced into Congress by Representative John F. Lacey, an Iowa Republican, the Act was signed into law by William McKinley on May 25, 1900. It now protects both plants and wildlife by creating civil and criminal penalties for those who violate the rules and regulations (16 U.S.C. 3371-3378). The law authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to aid in restoring game and birds in parts of the U.S. where they have become extinct or rare. It also authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to regulate the introduction of wild birds and mammals to places where they have never existed before, known as injurious wildlife species (18 U.S.C. 42).
Congress broadened the law to prohibit the import, export, transport, purchase, or sale of species when that action would violate state, federal, tribal, or foreign law. A 2008 amendment added coverage for timber and timber products. Various provisions of the Act are enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the U.S. Forest Service.
In 1900, illegal commercial hunting threatened many game species in the United States. The original Act was directed at the preservation of game and wild birds, making it a federal crime to poach game in one state with the purpose of selling the bounty in another. The law prohibited the transportation of illegally captured or prohibited animals across state lines, and addressed potential problems caused by the introduction of non-native species of birds and animals into native ecosystems.
Another major motivation for the Lacey Act was the over-hunting of birds for millinery work. For example, the indiscriminate killing of birds by plume hunters in search of the snowy egret contributed to the extinction of the Carolina parakeet.
Today, the Lacey Act is used primarily to prevent the importation or spread of potentially injurious non-native species (18. U.S.C. 42). The Act also makes it unlawful to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase in interstate or foreign commerce any plant in violation of the laws of the United States, a state, a Native American tribe, or any foreign law that protects plants.
The injurious wildlife provisions of the Lacey Act of 1900 were codified as a separate statute (18 U.S.C. 42) in 1948. Major amendments to that statute occurred in 1960 that expanded the types of wildlife that could be regulated to include fishes, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks, and crustaceans; added human beings, forestry, wildlife and wildlife resources to the interests protected; added a permit exception for species listed as injurious; and other purposes.
The Lacey Act was amended on May 22, 2008, when the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 expanded its protection to a broader range of plants and plant products (Section 8204. Prevention of Illegal Logging Practices), largely championed by Senator Ron Wyden (D) Oregon, with some arguing that the motivation for the act was to protect US lumber jobs and the supply-chain reporting provisions encountered opposition from the wood industry including objections to the burden of reporting.
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Lacey Act of 1900
The Lacey Act of 1900 is a conservation law in the United States that, as amended, now prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, possessed, transported, or sold.
Introduced into Congress by Representative John F. Lacey, an Iowa Republican, the Act was signed into law by William McKinley on May 25, 1900. It now protects both plants and wildlife by creating civil and criminal penalties for those who violate the rules and regulations (16 U.S.C. 3371-3378). The law authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to aid in restoring game and birds in parts of the U.S. where they have become extinct or rare. It also authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to regulate the introduction of wild birds and mammals to places where they have never existed before, known as injurious wildlife species (18 U.S.C. 42).
Congress broadened the law to prohibit the import, export, transport, purchase, or sale of species when that action would violate state, federal, tribal, or foreign law. A 2008 amendment added coverage for timber and timber products. Various provisions of the Act are enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the U.S. Forest Service.
In 1900, illegal commercial hunting threatened many game species in the United States. The original Act was directed at the preservation of game and wild birds, making it a federal crime to poach game in one state with the purpose of selling the bounty in another. The law prohibited the transportation of illegally captured or prohibited animals across state lines, and addressed potential problems caused by the introduction of non-native species of birds and animals into native ecosystems.
Another major motivation for the Lacey Act was the over-hunting of birds for millinery work. For example, the indiscriminate killing of birds by plume hunters in search of the snowy egret contributed to the extinction of the Carolina parakeet.
Today, the Lacey Act is used primarily to prevent the importation or spread of potentially injurious non-native species (18. U.S.C. 42). The Act also makes it unlawful to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase in interstate or foreign commerce any plant in violation of the laws of the United States, a state, a Native American tribe, or any foreign law that protects plants.
The injurious wildlife provisions of the Lacey Act of 1900 were codified as a separate statute (18 U.S.C. 42) in 1948. Major amendments to that statute occurred in 1960 that expanded the types of wildlife that could be regulated to include fishes, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks, and crustaceans; added human beings, forestry, wildlife and wildlife resources to the interests protected; added a permit exception for species listed as injurious; and other purposes.
The Lacey Act was amended on May 22, 2008, when the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 expanded its protection to a broader range of plants and plant products (Section 8204. Prevention of Illegal Logging Practices), largely championed by Senator Ron Wyden (D) Oregon, with some arguing that the motivation for the act was to protect US lumber jobs and the supply-chain reporting provisions encountered opposition from the wood industry including objections to the burden of reporting.