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Landslide mitigation
Landslide mitigation refers to human construction activities on slopes undertaken with the goal of lessening the effect of landslides. Landslides can be triggered by many, sometimes concomitant causes. In addition to shallow erosion or reduction of shear strength caused by seasonal rainfall, landslides may be triggered by anthropic activities, such as adding excessive weight above the slope or digging at either the mid-slope or foot of the slope.
Often, individual phenomena join to generate instability over time, which often does not allow a reconstruction of the evolution of a particular landslide. Therefore, landslide hazard mitigation measures are not generally classified according to the phenomenon that might cause a landslide. Instead, they are classified by the sort of slope stabilization method used:
Each of these methods varies somewhat with the type of material that makes up the slope.
Reinforcement measures generally introduce metal elements, which increase the shear strength of the rock and reduce the stress release created when the rock is cut. Reinforcement measures are made up of metal rock nails or anchors. Anchorage subjected to pretensioning is classified as active anchorage. Passive anchorage is not subjected to pretensioning and can be used both to nail single unstable blocks and to reinforce large portions of rock.
Anchorage can also be used for pre-reinforcement on a scarp to limit hillside decompression associated with cutting. Parts of an anchorage include:
When the anchorage acts over a short length it is defined as a bolt, which is not structurally connected to the free length, made up of an element resistant to traction (normally a steel bar of less than 12 m protected against corrosion by a concrete sheath).
The anchorage device may be connected to the ground by chemical means, mechanical expansion or concreting. In the first case, polyester resin cartridges are placed in a perforation to fill the ring space around the end part of the bolt. The main advantage of this type of anchorage lies in its simplicity and in the speed of installation. The main disadvantage is in its limited strength.[citation needed]
In the second case, the anchorage is composed of steel wedges driven into the sides of the hole. The advantage of this type of anchorage lies in the speed of installation and in the fact that the tensioning can be achieved immediately.[citation needed] The main disadvantage with this type of anchorage is that it can only be used with hard rock, and the maximum traction force is limited.[citation needed]
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Landslide mitigation AI simulator
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Landslide mitigation
Landslide mitigation refers to human construction activities on slopes undertaken with the goal of lessening the effect of landslides. Landslides can be triggered by many, sometimes concomitant causes. In addition to shallow erosion or reduction of shear strength caused by seasonal rainfall, landslides may be triggered by anthropic activities, such as adding excessive weight above the slope or digging at either the mid-slope or foot of the slope.
Often, individual phenomena join to generate instability over time, which often does not allow a reconstruction of the evolution of a particular landslide. Therefore, landslide hazard mitigation measures are not generally classified according to the phenomenon that might cause a landslide. Instead, they are classified by the sort of slope stabilization method used:
Each of these methods varies somewhat with the type of material that makes up the slope.
Reinforcement measures generally introduce metal elements, which increase the shear strength of the rock and reduce the stress release created when the rock is cut. Reinforcement measures are made up of metal rock nails or anchors. Anchorage subjected to pretensioning is classified as active anchorage. Passive anchorage is not subjected to pretensioning and can be used both to nail single unstable blocks and to reinforce large portions of rock.
Anchorage can also be used for pre-reinforcement on a scarp to limit hillside decompression associated with cutting. Parts of an anchorage include:
When the anchorage acts over a short length it is defined as a bolt, which is not structurally connected to the free length, made up of an element resistant to traction (normally a steel bar of less than 12 m protected against corrosion by a concrete sheath).
The anchorage device may be connected to the ground by chemical means, mechanical expansion or concreting. In the first case, polyester resin cartridges are placed in a perforation to fill the ring space around the end part of the bolt. The main advantage of this type of anchorage lies in its simplicity and in the speed of installation. The main disadvantage is in its limited strength.[citation needed]
In the second case, the anchorage is composed of steel wedges driven into the sides of the hole. The advantage of this type of anchorage lies in the speed of installation and in the fact that the tensioning can be achieved immediately.[citation needed] The main disadvantage with this type of anchorage is that it can only be used with hard rock, and the maximum traction force is limited.[citation needed]