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Leintwardine
Leintwardine (/ˈlɛntwərdaɪn/ LENT-wər-dyne) is a small to mid-size village and civil parish in north Herefordshire, England, close to the border with Shropshire.
A popular misconception is that the Romans called the village Branogenium. Branogenium in fact refers to a Roman fort roughly one-quarter mile (400 m) south of the village. The Roman name for Leintwardine was actually Bravonium. The High Street in Leintwardine is on the same line as the Roman road known (to the English) as Watling Street. (The modern-day street in the village named Watling Street runs to the east of the original Watling Street, roughly on the alignment of the eastern edge of the Roman settlement.)[citation needed]
The name Bravonium, as it appears in the Antonine Itinerary (Iter XII), is derived from the Romano-British word for quern. This suggests that there was either a hill or rock formation here that looked like a quern, or that there were quern quarries nearby. In the Upper Silurian series, the Leintwardine beds outcrop in the area and these consist of a calcareous sandstone which would have been suitable for making querns of a finer grade than could be obtained from Millstone grit, which was commonly used. Querns of this calcareous sandstone have been found at Viroconium.[citation needed]
Herefordshire historian Duncan Brown has argued that Leintwardine performed the role of a trading post and outpost early in the Roman conquest of Britain. It is commonly accepted that a mansio was constructed in Leintwardine. The archaeological excavations at the W. & C.A. Griffiths site prior to the construction of a modern warehouse in the early 1990s discovered Roman baths, which further points to Leintwardine being a "travel lodge" of Roman Britain.[citation needed]
The construction of a rampart in around 170 AD (ranging up to two metres tall), and still visible in places around Leintwardine, is thought by local historians to be the result of one of two events. The argument currently in retreat is that following a local uprising the Romans evicted all locals and constructed a rampart and palisade. The preferred line is that the ramparts were built following widespread local unrest to protect the mansio and the baths, which serviced Roman cavalry forts to the north, south and north-west. There exists a Roman praetorium/principia one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Leintwardine atop Brandon Hill, believed to have contained a storage depot, regimental HQ, latrines and cookhouse. Aerial photographs as early at the middle 1950s showed circular crop marks within the confines of the hill fort. Much of the site's earthworks still exist and Brandon Hill remains an impressive sight.
Roman forts also existed near Leintwardine at Jay Lane and Buckton.
Graves dug in Leintwardine's church, St Mary Magdalene, to a depth of 8 ft show a clear strata level of broken pottery sherds and charcoal, evidence of burning. This is in line with the historical thought that Roman Leintwardine burnt down much like the nearby Roman towns of Magnis, (Kenchester) and Ariconium (Weston-under-Penyard).
Leintwardine is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Lenteurde, and was recorded as being a large settlement for its time. Its name is apparently derived from the Romano-British name for the River Teme – formerly known as the Lent which means simply 'torrent, stream' (liyants) – coupled with the Old English word 'enclosure' (worþ], later replaced by wording 'enclosed settlement'. The modern name therefore means 'the enclosed settlement on the River Lent'.
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Leintwardine AI simulator
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Leintwardine
Leintwardine (/ˈlɛntwərdaɪn/ LENT-wər-dyne) is a small to mid-size village and civil parish in north Herefordshire, England, close to the border with Shropshire.
A popular misconception is that the Romans called the village Branogenium. Branogenium in fact refers to a Roman fort roughly one-quarter mile (400 m) south of the village. The Roman name for Leintwardine was actually Bravonium. The High Street in Leintwardine is on the same line as the Roman road known (to the English) as Watling Street. (The modern-day street in the village named Watling Street runs to the east of the original Watling Street, roughly on the alignment of the eastern edge of the Roman settlement.)[citation needed]
The name Bravonium, as it appears in the Antonine Itinerary (Iter XII), is derived from the Romano-British word for quern. This suggests that there was either a hill or rock formation here that looked like a quern, or that there were quern quarries nearby. In the Upper Silurian series, the Leintwardine beds outcrop in the area and these consist of a calcareous sandstone which would have been suitable for making querns of a finer grade than could be obtained from Millstone grit, which was commonly used. Querns of this calcareous sandstone have been found at Viroconium.[citation needed]
Herefordshire historian Duncan Brown has argued that Leintwardine performed the role of a trading post and outpost early in the Roman conquest of Britain. It is commonly accepted that a mansio was constructed in Leintwardine. The archaeological excavations at the W. & C.A. Griffiths site prior to the construction of a modern warehouse in the early 1990s discovered Roman baths, which further points to Leintwardine being a "travel lodge" of Roman Britain.[citation needed]
The construction of a rampart in around 170 AD (ranging up to two metres tall), and still visible in places around Leintwardine, is thought by local historians to be the result of one of two events. The argument currently in retreat is that following a local uprising the Romans evicted all locals and constructed a rampart and palisade. The preferred line is that the ramparts were built following widespread local unrest to protect the mansio and the baths, which serviced Roman cavalry forts to the north, south and north-west. There exists a Roman praetorium/principia one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Leintwardine atop Brandon Hill, believed to have contained a storage depot, regimental HQ, latrines and cookhouse. Aerial photographs as early at the middle 1950s showed circular crop marks within the confines of the hill fort. Much of the site's earthworks still exist and Brandon Hill remains an impressive sight.
Roman forts also existed near Leintwardine at Jay Lane and Buckton.
Graves dug in Leintwardine's church, St Mary Magdalene, to a depth of 8 ft show a clear strata level of broken pottery sherds and charcoal, evidence of burning. This is in line with the historical thought that Roman Leintwardine burnt down much like the nearby Roman towns of Magnis, (Kenchester) and Ariconium (Weston-under-Penyard).
Leintwardine is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Lenteurde, and was recorded as being a large settlement for its time. Its name is apparently derived from the Romano-British name for the River Teme – formerly known as the Lent which means simply 'torrent, stream' (liyants) – coupled with the Old English word 'enclosure' (worþ], later replaced by wording 'enclosed settlement'. The modern name therefore means 'the enclosed settlement on the River Lent'.
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