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Lisboa e Vale do Tejo
Lisbon and Tagus Valley (Portuguese: Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, European Portuguese pronunciation: [liʒˈβoɐ i ˈvalɨ ðu ˈtɛʒu]), often shortened to LVT, is a planning region of Portugal, administered by a Regional Development and Coordination Commission (CCDR) of the same name. Between 1986 and 2002 it was also one of the five continental NUTS II regions of Portugal.
Statistically, it is now divided between the regions of Oeste e Vale do Tejo, Greater Lisbon and the Setúbal Peninsula, being the only planning region not coterminous with a statistical counterpart. In 2021, it had a population of 3 750 858 residents in an area of 12 216 km2, around 35% of the national population.
The creation of state bodies with the objective of helping and coordinating development can be traced to the Portuguese Estado Novo, particularly in its final years. By 1959, the government had begun making "Plans of Development" or Planos de Fomento [pt], documents programming and detailing key investments in the country and its different regions. During the execution of the1965-67 intercalary plan, a Directorate of Planning Services with a regional planning division was created in 1966. Three years later in March 1969, in the midst of Caetano's "Marcellist Spring" (Primavera Marcelista) [pt] and in the context of the 1967-1973 development plan [pt], a decree created the Commissions of Regional Planning (CRP, Comissões Regionais de Planeamento). Directly under the Council Presidency, these new regional commissions mostly studied and elaborated plans and had a more of a consultation role rather than one of direct action. One of the six territorial units was the "Region of Lisbon". In this iteration, it consisted of the entirety of the districts of Lisbon, Setúbal and Santarém; with the first two being grouped as a "littoral sub-region" and the latter into a "interior sub-region". This is considered the official precursor of the modern entity.
The Carnation Revolution occurred in 1974 and as its predecessors, the government had discussions on how best to organize the country during the construction of the new Constitution, which would be approved exactly two years after the revolution in 1976. At the same time, with the revolution effectively voiding the IV Development Plan of 1974-79 [pt] approved just months before, the need to create a mechanism to continue to foster development was needed.
While a long-term solution wasn't in the works, a decree in January 1976 approved the hire of a workforce sought to help municipalities which in March 1979 would later be more consolidated as a concept and converted into the Technical Support Cabinets or GATs (Gabinete de Apoio Técnico). While the legal text still refers to the old 1969 CRPs, the winds of change were already visible in the GAT territories which had been numbered and grouped under a letter, in Lisbon's case "C". On the 21 of December of the same year, a separate decree instituted the new Regional Coordination Commissions (CCR - Comissões de Coordenação Regional), creating the CCR of Lisbon and Tagus Valley. Its area of action had changed however, basing itself on the distribution of GATs a few months prior, rather than the districts themselves - the historical Alentejo part of the Setúbal district was moved to the new CCR Alentejo whilst the majority of the Castelo Branco district (with the exception of the municipalities of Belmonte, Covilhã and Fundão) was now included in the "LVT" region. This territory was divided into ten operating cabinets, based in Leiria, Caldas da Rainha, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Torres Novas, Santarém, Salvaterra de Magos, Sertã, Abrantes and Castelo Branco.
A situation developing parallel to this would be the fact that in 1977 Portugal had initiated the process to join the European Economic Community (EEC) and would do so on the 1 January 1986. From this, one of the many european frameworks needing to be created were regional statistical units for the process of the common statistic platform and more importantly the application of European funds going forward. This regional map of NUTS was approved in May by a resolution of the council of ministers of the X Constitutional Government, which at this time was also altering the organizational structure of regional planning. "Lisboa e Vale do Tejo" would therefore be a NUTS II unit, overseeing five NUTS III sub-regions, similar to those today - Greater Lisbon-North (mostly equivalent to today's Greater Lisbon, renamed from 1989), Greater Lisbon-South (equivalent to the Setúbal Peninsula, renamed from 1989), Lezíria do Tejo, Médio Tejo and Oeste. Despite having familiar names, some of the borders appear differently than those today - Golegã and Chamusca were a part of Médio Tejo and beside this, Ponte de Sor and Gavião were a part of the same sub-region, due to historical and geographical ties. Interestingly despite being within the area drawn for Lezíria do Tejo in the accompanying figure, the legal text by lapse makes no mention of Azambuja in its list.
1989 would pose itself as yet another change in the paradigm with the alteration of the CCR organization scheme and simultaneously to its borders in tandem with the NUTS-1989 map - Médio Tejo would be the most affected as Golegã and Chamusca remained within LVT but moved to Lezíria do Tejo, Ponte de Sor would move to the Alentejo region as part of the Alto Alentejo sub-region and Mação would integrate the Central region as part of the Southern Interior Pinewood sub-region. Another relevant note in this diploma would be the creation of the agrarian regions of Portugal [pt] which, while not under the CCR, was coterminous to it as "Ribatejo e Oeste" with ten subdivisions called "zones".
The 1990s would compartively be a more stable period for regional commissions albeit not uneventful. Toward the end of the decade, the discussion on regionalization had reappeared causing the 1998 referendum. The 1976 constitution had foreseen the creation of administrative regions in its chapter IV of Title VIII with the existing districts functioning in the meantime, but this had so far not been enacted and had led to considerable discussion. The 1998 proposal as approved in April, would have attempted to create a transition from the districts with the territory under Lisbon and Tagus Valley split under two new regions with differing borders from the CCR - "Lisbon and Setúbal" consisting of the Lisbon district and Setúbal Peninsula, as well as "Estremadura and Ribatejo" consisting of the districts of Leiria and Santarém, named after the two historical regions despite not really being consistent with their borders. This would, of course, only exist in a piece of legislation from April 1998 as come November the country would reject the proposal, with the latter having one of the three highest rejection rates.
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Lisboa e Vale do Tejo
Lisbon and Tagus Valley (Portuguese: Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, European Portuguese pronunciation: [liʒˈβoɐ i ˈvalɨ ðu ˈtɛʒu]), often shortened to LVT, is a planning region of Portugal, administered by a Regional Development and Coordination Commission (CCDR) of the same name. Between 1986 and 2002 it was also one of the five continental NUTS II regions of Portugal.
Statistically, it is now divided between the regions of Oeste e Vale do Tejo, Greater Lisbon and the Setúbal Peninsula, being the only planning region not coterminous with a statistical counterpart. In 2021, it had a population of 3 750 858 residents in an area of 12 216 km2, around 35% of the national population.
The creation of state bodies with the objective of helping and coordinating development can be traced to the Portuguese Estado Novo, particularly in its final years. By 1959, the government had begun making "Plans of Development" or Planos de Fomento [pt], documents programming and detailing key investments in the country and its different regions. During the execution of the1965-67 intercalary plan, a Directorate of Planning Services with a regional planning division was created in 1966. Three years later in March 1969, in the midst of Caetano's "Marcellist Spring" (Primavera Marcelista) [pt] and in the context of the 1967-1973 development plan [pt], a decree created the Commissions of Regional Planning (CRP, Comissões Regionais de Planeamento). Directly under the Council Presidency, these new regional commissions mostly studied and elaborated plans and had a more of a consultation role rather than one of direct action. One of the six territorial units was the "Region of Lisbon". In this iteration, it consisted of the entirety of the districts of Lisbon, Setúbal and Santarém; with the first two being grouped as a "littoral sub-region" and the latter into a "interior sub-region". This is considered the official precursor of the modern entity.
The Carnation Revolution occurred in 1974 and as its predecessors, the government had discussions on how best to organize the country during the construction of the new Constitution, which would be approved exactly two years after the revolution in 1976. At the same time, with the revolution effectively voiding the IV Development Plan of 1974-79 [pt] approved just months before, the need to create a mechanism to continue to foster development was needed.
While a long-term solution wasn't in the works, a decree in January 1976 approved the hire of a workforce sought to help municipalities which in March 1979 would later be more consolidated as a concept and converted into the Technical Support Cabinets or GATs (Gabinete de Apoio Técnico). While the legal text still refers to the old 1969 CRPs, the winds of change were already visible in the GAT territories which had been numbered and grouped under a letter, in Lisbon's case "C". On the 21 of December of the same year, a separate decree instituted the new Regional Coordination Commissions (CCR - Comissões de Coordenação Regional), creating the CCR of Lisbon and Tagus Valley. Its area of action had changed however, basing itself on the distribution of GATs a few months prior, rather than the districts themselves - the historical Alentejo part of the Setúbal district was moved to the new CCR Alentejo whilst the majority of the Castelo Branco district (with the exception of the municipalities of Belmonte, Covilhã and Fundão) was now included in the "LVT" region. This territory was divided into ten operating cabinets, based in Leiria, Caldas da Rainha, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Torres Novas, Santarém, Salvaterra de Magos, Sertã, Abrantes and Castelo Branco.
A situation developing parallel to this would be the fact that in 1977 Portugal had initiated the process to join the European Economic Community (EEC) and would do so on the 1 January 1986. From this, one of the many european frameworks needing to be created were regional statistical units for the process of the common statistic platform and more importantly the application of European funds going forward. This regional map of NUTS was approved in May by a resolution of the council of ministers of the X Constitutional Government, which at this time was also altering the organizational structure of regional planning. "Lisboa e Vale do Tejo" would therefore be a NUTS II unit, overseeing five NUTS III sub-regions, similar to those today - Greater Lisbon-North (mostly equivalent to today's Greater Lisbon, renamed from 1989), Greater Lisbon-South (equivalent to the Setúbal Peninsula, renamed from 1989), Lezíria do Tejo, Médio Tejo and Oeste. Despite having familiar names, some of the borders appear differently than those today - Golegã and Chamusca were a part of Médio Tejo and beside this, Ponte de Sor and Gavião were a part of the same sub-region, due to historical and geographical ties. Interestingly despite being within the area drawn for Lezíria do Tejo in the accompanying figure, the legal text by lapse makes no mention of Azambuja in its list.
1989 would pose itself as yet another change in the paradigm with the alteration of the CCR organization scheme and simultaneously to its borders in tandem with the NUTS-1989 map - Médio Tejo would be the most affected as Golegã and Chamusca remained within LVT but moved to Lezíria do Tejo, Ponte de Sor would move to the Alentejo region as part of the Alto Alentejo sub-region and Mação would integrate the Central region as part of the Southern Interior Pinewood sub-region. Another relevant note in this diploma would be the creation of the agrarian regions of Portugal [pt] which, while not under the CCR, was coterminous to it as "Ribatejo e Oeste" with ten subdivisions called "zones".
The 1990s would compartively be a more stable period for regional commissions albeit not uneventful. Toward the end of the decade, the discussion on regionalization had reappeared causing the 1998 referendum. The 1976 constitution had foreseen the creation of administrative regions in its chapter IV of Title VIII with the existing districts functioning in the meantime, but this had so far not been enacted and had led to considerable discussion. The 1998 proposal as approved in April, would have attempted to create a transition from the districts with the territory under Lisbon and Tagus Valley split under two new regions with differing borders from the CCR - "Lisbon and Setúbal" consisting of the Lisbon district and Setúbal Peninsula, as well as "Estremadura and Ribatejo" consisting of the districts of Leiria and Santarém, named after the two historical regions despite not really being consistent with their borders. This would, of course, only exist in a piece of legislation from April 1998 as come November the country would reject the proposal, with the latter having one of the three highest rejection rates.
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