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List of wave power projects
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List of wave power projects
This article contains a list of proposed and prototype wave power devices, also called wave energy converters (WEC). Most of these are designed to work offshore or nearshore, although some concepts are mounted on the coast or in breakwaters.
A large number of concepts have been developed to various stages, with a 2013 review evaluating 172 different devices. Some of these have only been tested at small scale for short periods. Many of these technologies are no longer actively being developed. The projects with a section heading were reviewed and updated in mid-2024.
The projects in this list have been grouped into three categories:
Azura Wave Power is based in New Plymouth, and has been developing wave energy since 2006. The TRL5/6 Azura wave power device was tested at the US Navy Wave Energy Test Site Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. The 45-ton wave energy converter was located offshore, in a water depth of 30 metres (98 ft). It provided 20 kW of electrical power to the local grid for 18 months from September 2016. This concept was found to be too expensive, so Azura are now working on a smaller-scale device to produce both electricity and potable water.
Developed by Checkmate SeaEnergy, based in Sheerness, the surface-following attenuator device is a long rubber tube which is tethered underwater. Passing waves will instigate a wave inside the tube, which will then propagates down its walls, driving a turbine at the far end. The full-scale device is expected to be around 200 metres (660 ft) long and 7 metres (23 ft) in diameter.
The Sustainable Energy Research Group at the University of Southampton were involved in developing the device, including tank testing a 1:30 scale model at the DHI basin. Checkmate SeaEnergy received funding between 2015 and 2017 from the Wave Energy Scotland Novel Wave Energy Converter programme stages 1 and 2 to further develop their concept. The company announced in January 2024 they plan to test a 1:12 scale model. In October 2025, Checkmate was awarded a £750,000 grant from Innovate UK to further develop the Lobe-Tendon Anaconda wave energy converter. The project, called Môr Neidr from the Welsh for sea snake, includes Swansea University, CGEN Engineering, the Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult and Wave Venture. Over18 months they plan to conduct numerical modelling, tank trials, materials testing and construct a 1:4-scale prototype section.
CalWave Power Technologies, Inc. based in California, is developing a submerged pressure differential wave energy device, which can operate at various water depths and distance from shore. The company tested a 1:20 scale prototype in 2016.
In September 2021, CalWave commissioned its pilot x1 device off the coast of San Diego. The testing was planned to last 6 months, but was extended to 10 months. CalWave expect to test a 100 kW x100 device at PacWave off the coast of Oregon.
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List of wave power projects
This article contains a list of proposed and prototype wave power devices, also called wave energy converters (WEC). Most of these are designed to work offshore or nearshore, although some concepts are mounted on the coast or in breakwaters.
A large number of concepts have been developed to various stages, with a 2013 review evaluating 172 different devices. Some of these have only been tested at small scale for short periods. Many of these technologies are no longer actively being developed. The projects with a section heading were reviewed and updated in mid-2024.
The projects in this list have been grouped into three categories:
Azura Wave Power is based in New Plymouth, and has been developing wave energy since 2006. The TRL5/6 Azura wave power device was tested at the US Navy Wave Energy Test Site Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. The 45-ton wave energy converter was located offshore, in a water depth of 30 metres (98 ft). It provided 20 kW of electrical power to the local grid for 18 months from September 2016. This concept was found to be too expensive, so Azura are now working on a smaller-scale device to produce both electricity and potable water.
Developed by Checkmate SeaEnergy, based in Sheerness, the surface-following attenuator device is a long rubber tube which is tethered underwater. Passing waves will instigate a wave inside the tube, which will then propagates down its walls, driving a turbine at the far end. The full-scale device is expected to be around 200 metres (660 ft) long and 7 metres (23 ft) in diameter.
The Sustainable Energy Research Group at the University of Southampton were involved in developing the device, including tank testing a 1:30 scale model at the DHI basin. Checkmate SeaEnergy received funding between 2015 and 2017 from the Wave Energy Scotland Novel Wave Energy Converter programme stages 1 and 2 to further develop their concept. The company announced in January 2024 they plan to test a 1:12 scale model. In October 2025, Checkmate was awarded a £750,000 grant from Innovate UK to further develop the Lobe-Tendon Anaconda wave energy converter. The project, called Môr Neidr from the Welsh for sea snake, includes Swansea University, CGEN Engineering, the Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult and Wave Venture. Over18 months they plan to conduct numerical modelling, tank trials, materials testing and construct a 1:4-scale prototype section.
CalWave Power Technologies, Inc. based in California, is developing a submerged pressure differential wave energy device, which can operate at various water depths and distance from shore. The company tested a 1:20 scale prototype in 2016.
In September 2021, CalWave commissioned its pilot x1 device off the coast of San Diego. The testing was planned to last 6 months, but was extended to 10 months. CalWave expect to test a 100 kW x100 device at PacWave off the coast of Oregon.