Little Tew is an English village and civil parish about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) northeast of Chipping Norton and 8+1⁄2 miles (14 km) southwest of Banbury in Oxfordshire. The parish is bounded to the northwest by the River Swere and a road between Little Tew and Hook Norton, to the north by a tributary of the River Cherwell and to the south by an ancient drovers' road called Green Lane. The remaining parts of the parish bounds are field boundaries. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 253.

Before the Norman conquest of England, Leofwine of Barton held the manor of Little Tew along with those of Dunthrop, Duns Tew and Westcott Barton. The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Odo, Bishop of Bayeux held Little Tew. The manor was divided between three tenants: Wadard and Humphrey each had three and a half hides and Ilbert de Lacy had two hides. On or before Odo's death in 1097 the tenants succeeded Odo as tenants-in-chief, thus dividing Little Tew into three separate manors. Wadard's lands were the beginnings of the barony of Arsic. In 1103 Manasser Arsic founded a priory of the Benedictine Abbey of Fécamp at Cogges and gave the priory an endowment including the Wadard manor at Little Tew. In 1441 Henry VI seized the priory and its estates and gave them to Eton College, which sold most of its land at Little Tew in 1921.

In 1206 Osney Abbey acquired the Humphrey manor. In 1542 The Abbey was suppressed in the Dissolution of the Monasteries but its manor at Little Tew was granted to the new Oxford Cathedral, which was Osney's former abbey church. However, in 1545 the seat of the Diocese of Oxford was transferred from the former Osney Abbey to the former St. Frideswide's Priory and the manor at Little Tew was returned to the Crown. In 1565 the Crown gave the manor to Sir William Petre, who in 1566 gave it to Exeter College, Oxford. The de Lacy manor at Little Tew became part of the Honour of Pontefract, in which it remained until Alice de Lacy died in 1348. By 1356 the manor was attached to the barony of Clifford Castle in Herefordshire.

There is a tradition that Little Tew had a medieval chapel before the English Reformation, but no physical or definite documentary evidence is known to prove this. When the parish's common lands were enclosed in 1794, 16+1⁄2 acres (6.7 ha) of land were set aside for an income to fund church services but no church was built. The first report of Baptists in Little Tew is from 1771 and one villager registered his house as an Anabaptist meeting place in 1778.

In 1829 a Baptist missionary from Chipping Norton applied for a licence to convert a building in Little Tew into a chapel, and Baptist services in Little Tew attracted about 100 people from the surrounding area. Exeter College offered to build and endow an Anglican church for Little Tew "to prevent alienation of the inhabitants from the Established Church". The Vicar of Great Tew did not support the idea but his successors held Anglican services in Little Tew, at first in a barn and later in the new village school that was built in 1836.

In 1845 the Baptists finally built a small chapel and in 1853 the Church of England completed the chapel of Saint John the Evangelist, designed by the Gothic Revival architect G.E. Street in an early-14th-century style. It has a tower with a gabled roof and a chime of eight bells. St. John's was a chapel of ease of the parish of Great Tew until 1857, when Little Tew was made a separate ecclesiastical parish.

Little Tew Baptist Church has the distinction of hosting the first woman pastor in the Baptist Church, Edith Gates, in 1918.

Today St. John's is once again part of a single benefice with the parish of Great Tew.