Lonnie George Johnson was born in Mobile, Alabama, to parents who instilled in him a love for learning and a strong work ethic. His family later moved to Tuskegee, Alabama.

Even as a child, Johnson displayed a natural curiosity and aptitude for tinkering with electronics and inventing. He enjoyed taking apart and reassembling toys and appliances, often creating his own unique creations from discarded materials. He once took parts from a junkyard washing machine to build a go-kart.

Johnson excelled in science and mathematics in high school. He often participated in science fairs and competitions, demonstrating his innovative abilities. One notable project was 'Linex,' a compressed-air-powered robot he built, which won first prize at a statewide science fair. This robot captured significant attention due to its complexity and innovative use of recycled materials.

Johnson attended Tuskegee University, a historically Black university known for its strong engineering programs. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1973 and later a Master of Science degree in Nuclear Engineering in 1975. During his time at Tuskegee, he further honed his technical skills and deepened his understanding of engineering principles.