Lonnie Johnson

Born	Lonnie George Johnson (1949-10-06) October 6, 1949 (age 75)^[1] Mobile, Alabama, U.S.
Alma mater	Tuskegee University (BS, MS)
Occupation(s)	Inventor, engineer
Years active	1978–2013
Known for	Super Soaker, Nerf Blaster
Spouse	Linda Moore
Children	4

Lonnie George Johnson (born October 6, 1949) is an American inventor, aerospace engineer, and entrepreneur, best known for inventing the bestselling Super Soaker water gun in 1989. He was formerly employed at the U.S. Air Force and NASA, where he worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.^[2]

Early life

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Johnson was born in Mobile, Alabama on October 6, 1949.^[3] His mother, who finished high school, worked as a nurse's aide and his father, who didn't finish high school, was a World War II veteran. He had 5 siblings. His father explained the basic principles of electricity to Johnson at an early age.^[4] Stating that he "always liked to tinker with things," Johnson earned the nickname "the Professor" from kids in the neighborhood.^[4] He once "tore up his sister's baby doll to see what made her eyes close".^[2] He also tried to cook up rocket fuel in a saucepan but in doing so almost burned down the house.

Education

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As a teenager, Johnson attended Williamson High School, an all-black school in Mobile.^[5] He drew much of his inspiration from George Washington Carver.^[6] In 1968, Johnson represented his high school at a science fair in Alabama, where he was the only black student attending the fair; This was a time when African Americans had very little presence in science.^[4] There, he presented a robot he created, which he named "Linex," taking home the first-place prize. The robot was powered by compressed air.^[4]

In 1969, shortly after graduating from high school, Johnson attended Tuskegee University, obtaining a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1973 and a master's degree in nuclear engineering in 1975.^[2]^[7] He was awarded an honorary doctorate from Tuskegee University in 2018.^[8] After completing his master's degree, he worked for the U.S. Air Force, where he worked on the stealth bomber program, before eventually joining NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1979.^[3]

Career

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During his time at NASA (1979–1991), Johnson worked on a variety of projects, including the Air Force missions Lab, developing the nuclear power source for the Galileo mission to Jupiter,^[9] several weapons-related projects, as well as an engineer on the Mariner Mark ll Spacecraft series for the Comet Rendezvous and Saturn Orbiter Probe missions.^[10] He also worked on the stealth bomber program.^[11]

In 1991, Johnson founded his own company, Johnson Research and Development Co., Inc., of which he is also the president.^[10]

More recently, he teamed up with scientists from both Tulane University and Tuskegee University to develop a method of transforming heat into electricity to make green energy more affordable.^[9]

As of 2022, Johnson has three technology-development companies, Excellatron Solid State, LLC, Johnson Energy Storage, and Johnson Electro-Mechanical Systems (JEMS), operating in the Sweet Auburn neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia.^[12]^[13]^[14] JEMS has developed the Johnson Thermo-Electrochemical Converter System (JTEC) which Popular Mechanics listed as one of the top 10 inventions of 2009.^[15] Johnson Energy Storage has developed a solid-state battery and as of early 2023 is raising funds to develop a demonstration manufacturing line.^[16]

Johnson is a "part of a group of African American inventors whose work accounts for 6 percent of all U.S. patent applications".^[17]

Super Soaker

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Johnson first conceived the Super Soaker while doing work with the U.S. Air Force. Initially called the "Power Drencher" when it first appeared in toy shops in 1990, it eventually got its trademark name after some tweaks and remarketing.^[15] Selling between $10 and $60 depending on the model, the Super Soaker took off, generating $200 million in sales in 1991.^[2] Shortly after making the deal for the Super Soaker with the Larami Corporation, Larami became a subsidiary of Hasbro Inc. in February 1995.^[18]

Johnson tweaked the water gun's design, replacing the Super Soaker's water with a toy Nerf projectile, which became the N-Strike Nerf product line.^[19]

In February 2013 Johnson filed a lawsuit against Hasbro after he discovered that he was being underpaid royalties for the Super Soaker and several Nerf toys.^[20] In November 2013, Johnson was awarded nearly $73 million in royalties from Hasbro Inc. in arbitration. According to Hasbro, the Super Soaker is approaching sales of $1 billion.^[21]

Accomplishments

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Johnson currently holds over 250 patents, most of which are for his Super Soaker.^[22] Johnson was awarded the Air Force Achievement Medal and the Air Force Commendation Medal. He received several awards from NASA for his work in spacecraft system design at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.^[8] In 2008, he was awarded the Breakthrough Award from the science magazine Popular Mechanics for his work related to JTEC and was inducted into the State of Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame in 2011.^[6]^[23] In 2015, the Super Soaker was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame.^[24] In 2022, Johnson was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.^[25]

Personal life

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Johnson is married to Linda Moore. They have four children and live in the Ansley Park district of Atlanta, Georgia.^[2]

References

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^ Broad, William J. Engineer At Play: Lonnie Johnson -Rocket Scientist, Served Up Soggy Archived February 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, July 31, 2001, The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Lonnie Johnson". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Lonnie G. Johnson | African American Inventors | Scholastic.com". teacher.scholastic.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "The father of the Super Soaker". BBC News. August 15, 2016. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
^ Ward, Logan (November 2010). "Shooting for the Sun". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "BHM Highlight: Lonnie G Johnson, Air Force engineer and inventor of the Super Soaker". Liberty Science Center. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
^ "Inventor, alumnus Lonnie Johnson '73 returns to Tuskegee for Feb. 23 public lecture | Tuskegee University". www.tuskegee.edu. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Award Honoree". Trumpet Awards. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Pagan, Kennedy (August 2, 2013). "Who Made That Super Soaker?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Lonnie G. Johnson 1949–". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
^ "Summer Inventions: A NASA Engineer Created the Super Soaker?!". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. July 21, 2014. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
^ Wheeler, Candace (July 16, 2015). "Super Soaker Inventor Now Engineers Batteries At Atlanta Lab". WABE. Archived from the original on July 26, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
^ "Excellatron – the Company". www.excellatron.com. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
^ "Johnson Energy Storage, Inc". The Future of Energy Storage. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Kremer, William (August 16, 2016). "Lonnie Johnson: The father of the Super Soaker". BBC News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
^ "This billion-dollar-selling toy was inspired by heat pumps". Canary Media. January 31, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
^ Karlin, S. (July 1, 2002). "From squirts to hertz [Lonnie Johnson, inventor]". IEEE Spectrum. 39 (7): 46–48. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2002.1015464. ISSN 0018-9235.
^ "Larami Super Soakers Is Whetting Hasbro Inc.'s Appetite This Is The Third Time The Toy Maker Has Been Sold". philly-archives. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
^ Shereshewsky, Trisha Gopal,Beryl (August 15, 2020). "How a NASA scientist accidentally invented the Super Soaker". CNN. Retrieved October 7, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Seward, Christopher. "Super Soaker creator awarded $72.9M from Hasbro". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on October 10, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
^ "Super Soaker". National Toy Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
^ "Perseverance and prototypes". www.uspto.gov. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
^ Tribune, Atlanta (December 5, 2017). "2017 Hall of Fame Inductee: Dr. Lonnie Johnson". Atlanta Tribune. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
^ Waxman, Olivia B. (November 5, 2015). "See Which Toys Were Just Inducted Into the National Toy Hall of Fame". Time. Archived from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
^ "Lonnie Johnson, Engineer Extraordinaire | National Inventors Hall of Fame®". www.invent.org. Retrieved March 14, 2023.

General references

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"Lonnie G. Johnson, The SuperSoaker". MIT School of Engineering. September 1998. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Anderson, Jessica (March 2007). "Yes, You Can Make a Million". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. Archived from the original on March 1, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jones, Willie D. Jones (March 2008). "Super Soaker Inventor Invents New Thermoelectric Generator". IEEE Spectrum. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Ward, Logan (October 10, 2008). "Top 10 New World-Changing Innovations of the Year (With Videos!)". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on November 16, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2016.

Further reading

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Chris Barton; Don Tate (2016). Whoosh! Lonnie Johnson's Super-Soaking Stream on Inventions. Charlesbridge. ISBN 978-1-58089-297-1. — an award-winning illustrated children's biography book about Lonnie Johnson

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lonnie Johnson (inventor).

Profile, Johnson R&D