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Lord Saltoun
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Lord Saltoun, of Abernethy, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1445 for Sir Lawrence Abernethy. The title remained in the Abernethy family until the death in 1669 of his descendant the tenth Lady Saltoun. She was succeeded by her cousin Alexander Fraser, the eleventh Lord. He was the son of Alexander Fraser and Margaret Abernethy, daughter of the seventh Lord Saltoun. The title has remained in the Frasers of Philorth family ever since.[2]

Key Information

The seventeenth Lord was a Lieutenant-General in the Army and sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer from 1807 to 1853. His nephew, the eighteenth Lord, was a Scottish representative peer from 1859 to 1866. His son, the nineteenth Lord, and grandson, the twentieth Lord, were also Scottish representative peers, between 1890 and 1933 and 1935 and 1963, respectively. From 1979 to 2024, the title was held by the latter's daughter, the 21st Lady Saltoun. She was head of the Frasers of Philorth and was also one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999[1] (resigning her seat in the House in 2014).

The family seats are Cairnbulg Castle, near Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, and Inverey House, near Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

Numbering scheme

[edit]

In the 20th century, it was determined that Margaret Abernethy (now 10th Lady Saltoun), succeeded her brother, Alexander Abernethy, 9th Lord Saltoun, in 1668, but only survived him by about 10 weeks and had not previously been counted in the title's numbering. This new information has resulted in the ordinals in subsequent Lords Saltoun being revised. As a result, the later heirs to the title are often referenced with the incorrect numbering.

In reality this may be a point of law. Some transcripts note that Alexander Fraser (traditionally the 10th Lord) was legally recognised at the heir to his cousin, Alexander Abernethy, 9th Lord Saltoun. As such, by Act of Parliament confirmed by a charter from the King, this would make the first Fraser Lord Saltoun the legal successor of the 9th Lord, regardless of the status of Margaret Abernethy. As such there is argument that the traditional numbering should remain in use due to legal technicality. It must also be recognised that it has been known in the historiography since the 19th Century that Margaret Abernethy survived her brother. Sources from the time also confirm knowledge of her existence, yet Alexander Fraser was still confirmed as the 10th Lord, in succession to Alexander and not Margaret. As far as is known Margaret never assumed the title of Lady Saltoun in her lifetime and as such it seems bizarre to upend 300 years of history due to what could be described as a 6 week technicality.

Lords Saltoun (1445)

[edit]

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Alexander William Malise Fraser, Master of Saltoun (born 1990), who acted as Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II.[fn 1]

Line of Succession

[edit]
  • Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun (1930–2024)
    • Katharine Fraser, 22nd Lady Saltoun (b. 1957)
      • (1) The Hon. Alexander Fraser, Master of Saltoun (b. 1990)
      • (2) The Hon. Louise Morshead (née Nicolson; b. 1984)
        • (3) Rory Morshead (b. 2015)
        • (4) Frederick Morshead (b. 2018)
      • (5) The Hon. Juliet Rood (née Nicolson; b. 1988)
        • (6) Albert Rood (b. 2018)
        • (7) Edmund Rood (b. 2020)
        • (8) Xanthe Rood (b. 2023)
    • (9) The Hon. Alice Ramsey (née Ramsay of Mar; b. 1961)
      • (10) Alexander Ramsey (b. 1991)
      • (11) George Ramsey (b. 1995)
      • (12) Oliver Ramsey (b. 1995)
      • (13) Victoria Ramsey (b. 1994)
    • (14) The Hon. Elizabeth Ramsay of Mar (b. 1963)

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Lord Saltoun

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Lord Saltoun, of Abernethy, is a lordship in the created in 1445 for Sir Lawrence Abernethy, a Scottish landowner and supporter of the Stewart monarchy. The title remained with the Abernethy family until the early 17th century, when it passed by to Alexander Fraser, 10th of Philorth, establishing it within the Fraser lineage thereafter. As a hereditary peerage, it entitles the holder to the style of Lord or Lady Saltoun and, historically, a seat in the , with the current holder serving as Chief of the Name and Arms of . Since the death of , on 3 September 2024, the title has been held by her eldest daughter, Katharine Fraser, 22nd Lady Saltoun (born 11 October 1957), who succeeded as clan chief. Katharine Fraser, 22nd Lady Saltoun, a former of , was appointed Vice of the county in June 2025, continuing the family's longstanding ties to Scottish public service and nobility. The lordship's holders have included military figures, such as generals who served in the and World Wars, underscoring the title's association with martial and civic contributions over centuries.

Origins and Early History

Creation of the Title

The title of Lord Saltoun of Abernethy was created on 28 June 1445 in the by King James II for Sir Abernethy, a landowner of Saltoun and Rothiemay who served as that year. , the second son and eventual heir of Sir William Abernethy younger of Saltoun and Rothiemay (by his wife Margaret, second daughter of Sir William Stewart of Dalswinton), held estates centered on the barony of Saltoun in , which the family had acquired by the late . The elevation to the peerage likely rewarded his administrative and judicial contributions amid the turbulent minority of James II and ongoing border conflicts with , as Justiciars enforced royal justice in sheriffdoms like those encompassing Abernethy's lands. The Abernethys descended from Hugh, hereditary lay abbot of the Pictish abbacy of Abernethy-on-Tay (a pre-Norman ecclesiastical lordship in ), with the family's transition to secular landholding solidified by grants under early Scottish kings. By the , branches like Laurence's had focused on properties, including Saltoun, acquired through or royal favor—Sir William de Abernethy, styled "of Saltoun" as early as 1288, exemplified this shift from abbatial to feudal tenure. The 1445 creation formalized the family's status among Scotland's lesser , distinct from higher earldoms, and tied the title directly to the Abernethy patrimony rather than broader territorial lordships. No prior existed for Saltoun, marking this as the inaugural grant, with succession limited to male heirs per standard Scottish practice until later contingencies.

Abernethy Family Holders (1445–1669)

The title of Lord Saltoun was created in the on 28 June 1445 for Abernethy of Saltoun and Rothiemay, a descendant of the ancient Abernethy lineage tracing back to the hereditary abbots of the Pictish abbacy of Abernethy. , who died before 13 March 1460/61, married (surname uncertain, possibly Douglas), with whom he had several children, including his successor. Little is recorded of his active role beyond the elevation, which formalized the family's longstanding territorial influence in and . Laurence was succeeded by his son William Abernethy, 2nd Lord Saltoun, who died in 1488. William married Beatrix Hay, daughter of the 1st Lord Hay of Yester, strengthening ties among lowland nobility; their issue included James, the next heir. The 2nd Lord's tenure spanned turbulent years including the minority of James III and border conflicts, though specific military engagements by him remain undocumented in primary records. James Abernethy, 3rd Lord Saltoun (born circa 1454, died circa 1505), inherited amid the late 15th-century feuds and royal consolidations under James IV. His marriage produced as heir, but details of alliances or estates management are sparse, reflecting the family's focus on local lordship rather than national prominence. Alexander Abernethy, 4th Lord Saltoun, died on 6 June 1527; he wed a daughter of , , linking the family to royal Stewart collaterals. His era included the lead-up to the (1513), where Abernethy forces may have contributed to Scottish levies, though direct participation is unconfirmed. The 5th Lord, William Abernethy (circa 1504–1543), married Anne Stewart, daughter of Andrew Stewart, Master of Ochiltree (and granddaughter of James IV), on 28 August 1522; they had issue including and Elizabeth (who married John Innes of that Ilk). William's death in 1543 occurred during the , with the family estates vulnerable to English incursions under Henry VIII's "." Alexander Abernethy, 6th Lord Saltoun (born circa 1537–1540, died April 1587), son of the 5th Lord, emerged as a notable and landowner during ' reign and the early Stewart monarchy. He married firstly Alison Keith (died 1567), daughter of the 4th , producing George as heir; secondly Margaret Stewart, with further issue. Attending the royal court, he advised on lowland affairs and managed Saltoun estates amid upheavals, including the 1560 abolition of papal authority; his loyalties aligned with the Protestant nobility without recorded opposition to . George Abernethy, 7th Lord Saltoun, predeceased his father or succeeded briefly, dying before 1612; he married Elizabeth Ogilvy, with limited surviving records of his activities beyond estate preservation during James VI's ascension to the English throne. John Abernethy, 8th Lord Saltoun, fathered the 9th Lord and died around 1647; married Anne Stewart, his tenure overlapped the and Covenanting crises, but the family avoided deep entanglement in national conflicts, prioritizing . Alexander Abernethy, 9th Lord Saltoun (born 26 March 1611, died 1668), son of the 8th Lord, held the title during the ; sparse evidence suggests neutrality or royalist leanings, with no major battles attributed. Childless, his death without male heirs passed the title to his sister. Margaret Abernethy, 10th Lady Saltoun, succeeded her brother in 1668 upon confirmation of her claim; she died in 1669 without issue, ending direct Abernethy male succession and leading to the title's dormancy until revived through female-line inheritance. Historical validation of her numeration as 10th occurred in the via reviews.

Transition to the Fraser Family

Acquisition Through Marriage (1669)

The title of , originally created in 1445 for Lawrence Abernethy in the , remained with the Abernethy family until the late 17th century. In 1595, Alexander Fraser, 9th of Philorth (died 1636), married Margaret Abernethy (circa 1574–1669), daughter and eventual heiress of George Abernethy, 7th Lord Saltoun (died 1610). This union positioned the Frasers to inherit the peerage, as Margaret's lineage traced directly to the original grantee, and the title allowed for female succession in the absence of male heirs. Margaret's brother, Alexander Abernethy, succeeded as 9th Lord Saltoun but died without legitimate male issue on 14 December 1668, prompting Margaret's succession as 10th Lady Saltoun . She held the title briefly, dying shortly thereafter in 1669, after which it passed to her eldest son, Fraser (1604–1693), who became 11th Lord Saltoun and 10th of Philorth. This transfer integrated the Saltoun lordship into the Fraser of Philorth line, marking the end of direct Abernethy male tenure and the beginning of Fraser dominance, confirmed by parliamentary act and under Charles II to affirm the heir-male's claim over more distant Abernethy collaterals. The acquisition strengthened the Frasers' holdings in and , combining the Philorth estates—known for the burgh of founded in —with Saltoun's feudal barony and associated lands, valued for their agricultural and strategic coastal positions. No significant disputes arose immediately, as the predated the succession by over seven decades, allowing generational continuity without contest from rival claimants.

Initial Fraser Integration

Upon the death of Margaret Abernethy, recognized as the 10th holder of the title in the Abernethy succession, on or after 9 March 1669, the Lordship of Saltoun devolved upon her Alexander Fraser as heir general. Fraser, born in March 1604, was the son of an earlier Margaret Abernethy—daughter of George Abernethy, 7th Lord Saltoun—and Alexander Fraser, 9th of Philorth, whose in 1593 had established the collateral Fraser claim through female descent. Having succeeded his father as 10th of Philorth in 1636, Fraser brought established Fraser landholdings in to the , which primarily encompassed estates centered on Saltoun in . Fraser's assumption of the title, numbered variably as the 10th or 11th Lord Saltoun depending on whether Margaret Abernethy is counted separately, represented the seamless integration of the Fraser lineage into the Abernethy peerage without recorded legal challenges or disputes over , reflecting the Scottish convention of through the nearest blood relative in the absence of direct male heirs. He continued to administer the Philorth properties alongside Saltoun's feudal barony and associated lands, consolidating Fraser control over disparate holdings that spanned northeastern and the Lothians. Educated at , and having shifted from early Covenanting sympathies to allegiance—commanding a regiment for Charles I during the Wars of the and fighting at Worcester in 1651—Fraser's post-1669 political engagement further embedded the family in Restoration-era governance. He represented in Parliament in 1661–1663, leveraging the peerage's privileges amid the era's factional tensions. The initial phase under Fraser stabilized the title's transition, with no evidence of resistance from Abernethy kin or creditors disrupting estate management; his marriages—to Isabel Forbes and later Elizabeth Seton—and progeny, including son William (future 12th Lord), ensured continuity. Fraser held the title until his death on 11 August 1693 at age 89, after which William succeeded, marking the second generation of Fraser stewardship and solidifying the family's proprietary hold. This blood-tied merger preserved the peerage's ancient dignity while infusing it with Fraser martial and territorial resources.

Notable Holders and Achievements

Military Service in Wars

Alexander Fraser, 11th Lord Saltoun (c. 1612–1693), commanded a during the Wars of the , participating in the Scottish intervention on behalf of Charles I in the . He was severely wounded at the on 3 September 1651 while fighting against Oliver Cromwell's forces, but survived due to the intervention of his servant James Cardno, who carried him from the field. James Fraser, 16th Lord Saltoun (died 1760), commanded the Light Companies of the First Guards at the on 18 June 1815, contributing to the Allied defense against Napoleon's during the . Alexander George Fraser, 17th Lord Saltoun (1785–1853), entered the as an ensign in the in 1802 and was promoted to captain in the 1st Foot Guards by 1804. He served in the , including campaigns in in 1806, the in 1808, the in 1809, and operations in and from 1812 to 1814. Promoted to major-general in 1837, he later commanded a at the Battle of Chinkiang on 21 July 1842 during the against China, subsequently leading the entire force until 1843 and receiving the campaign medal. Alexander Arthur Fraser, 20th Lord Saltoun (1886–1979), served as a captain in the 1st Battalion during the First World War, where he was taken prisoner early in the conflict and held for most of its duration. His son, Alexander Simon Fraser, Master of Saltoun (1921–1944), was killed in action while serving in the Second World War.

Political and Public Roles

William Fraser, 12th Lord Saltoun (1654–1715), served in the , where he took his seat and oath on 9 May 1695 and advocated for the . He consistently opposed the proposed union with England, voting against the Act of Union in sessions from 1705 to 1707, including after the English Alien Act of 1705 heightened tensions. Subsequent holders of the title participated in the British Parliament as Scottish representative peers following the Act of Union. The 18th Lord Saltoun (1820–1890) was notably active in the for many years after succeeding to the peerage in 1853. Alexander Fraser, 20th Lord Saltoun (1886–1979), also sat as a lord temporal in the . Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun (1930–2024), succeeded to the title in 1979 and was elected in 1999 as one of the 90 hereditary peers retained under the House of Lords Act 1999, serving until her retirement on 12 December 2014. She was the sole female holder of a lordship of Parliament to retain such a seat during this period, participating in debates on constitutional and social matters.

Modern Holders and Succession

Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun (1979–2024)

Flora Marjory Fraser was born on 18 October 1930 in , the only daughter of Fraser, 20th Lord Saltoun, and his wife Dorothy Geraldine Welby, daughter of Sir Charles Glynne Earle Welby, 5th Baronet. Following the death of her brother, Fraser, in action in 1944, she became her father's . She trained as a chartered secretary and qualified in 1951. Upon her father's death in June 1979, Fraser succeeded as the 21st Lady Saltoun of Abernethy, inheriting the lordship of Parliament in the created in 1445. She took her seat in the as a crossbench peer and, following the , was elected as one of the remaining hereditary peers, becoming the only holder of a lordship to retain such a seat until her retirement on 12 December 2014. During her tenure, she contributed to debates on , fisheries, and matters, served on procedure and committees, and advocated for the rights of donor-conceived children during the passage of the 1990 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act. In 1979, the recognized her as and Arms of , a role she fulfilled until her death, viewing herself as the "mother of the clan." She authored A History of Clan Fraser in 1997, organized the clan's international gathering that year which drew approximately 30,000 attendees, and designed traditional tartans while opposing modern, brightly colored variants. Fraser married Captain Alexander Arthur Alfonso David Maule Ramsay of Mar, a great-grandson of through his mother Princess Maud, on 6 October 1956 at ; he died in 2000. Their daughter, Katharine Fraser (born 11 October 1957), served as Mistress of Saltoun and succeeded her as the 22nd Lady Saltoun upon her death. She maintained ties to military traditions as an Honorary Patricia of the , hosting association events in . Lady Saltoun died peacefully on 3 September 2024 at her home, Inverey House in , , aged 93.

Katharine Fraser, 22nd Lady Saltoun (2024–present)

Katharine Ingrid Mary Isabel Fraser (née Ramsay), born on 11 October 1957 in , , succeeded her mother, Flora Fraser, as the 22nd Lady Saltoun upon the latter's death on 3 September 2024. The title, a Scottish dating to 1445, passes through the female line in this branch, with Katharine as the eldest daughter assuming both the lordship and the hereditary role of and Arms of Fraser for the Frasers of Philorth. The daughter of Captain —a great-grandson of , youngest child of —and , Katharine was known prior to her succession as Katharine Fraser, Mistress of Saltoun. She married Captain Mark Malise Nicolson, a former officer in the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), on 3 May 1980; the couple has three children, including their only son, William Malise Fraser (born 1990), who serves as Master of Saltoun and to the title. The family resides in , where Katharine has held the position of since at least the early , representing the in local ceremonial and community duties. As the current holder, Lady Saltoun continues the clan's traditions, overseeing the Fraser Society of Scotland and maintaining ties to historic estates like Philorth and Cairnbulg Castle, though no major policy or public initiatives have been announced in the initial months of her tenure following the transition in September . Her assumption of leadership emphasizes continuity in a lineage that has integrated the Saltoun title with Fraser chiefly responsibilities since 1669.

Line of Succession

The line of succession to the Lordship of Saltoun, a Scottish with a special allowing descent to female heirs in default of male issue, is headed by the current holder's only son. The is Alexander Fraser, Master of Saltoun (born 1990), who bears the traditionally used by the presumptive heir to the title. In the event of Alexander's death without male heirs, the title would pass to his sisters—Hon. Louise Alexandra Patricia Morshead (née Nicolson, born 1986) or Hon. Juliet Victoria Katharine Rood (née Nicolson)—or their descendants, following the order of among the female line as established by prior successions in the Fraser family. The peerage's history of female inheritance, including the transitions to Flora Fraser in 1979 and her daughter Katharine in 2024, underscores this flexibility when no direct male successor exists.

Associated Properties and Clan Ties

Saltoun Estate and Lands

The Saltoun Estate, situated in , , primarily encompasses the historic barony lands surrounding the villages of East Saltoun and West Saltoun, approximately 5 miles southwest of Haddington. These lands, characterized by agricultural fields, limestone deposits, and foothills of the , were held by the Abernethy family from around 1260, when Sir William Abernethy acquired the castle and associated properties at Saltoun. In 1643, John Abernethy, 8th Lord Saltoun, sold the barony of Saltoun—including the tower, manor place, and surrounding estates—to Sir Andrew Fletcher of Innerpeffer, a Senator of the , for an undisclosed sum amid family financial pressures. The Fletchers retained ownership thereafter, developing the estate with improvements such as a new , manse, school, and lime quarrying operations leveraging the region's extensive reserves, one of Scotland's largest blocks. Saltoun Hall itself, the estate's central manor, was substantially rebuilt in the under Fletcher patronage, incorporating Gothic elements while preserving medieval origins traceable to the de Morville family in the 12th-13th centuries. The peerage title of Lord Saltoun devolved separately to the Fraser family of Philorth in 1669 upon the death of the 10th Lady Saltoun (née Abernethy), without conveyance of the estate lands, which remained alienated from subsequent title holders. The Fletchers continued as proprietors into the , with estate records documenting management of farms, gardens, and woodland until partial fragmentation; by the , portions of Saltoun Hall were converted into private apartments amid sales of subdivided properties. Thus, while the title evokes the barony's nominal territorial origins, no Fraser Lord Saltoun has held proprietary rights over these lands post-inheritance.

Role in Clan Fraser Leadership

The title of Lord Saltoun, held by the Frasers of Philorth since its creation in 1445, represents the senior of , tracing descent from Simon Fraser, the progenitor of the clan in the . As the premier line, the Saltoun Frasers have historically claimed precedence over other branches, including the Highland Frasers of Lovat, positioning the Lord Saltoun as the potential overall chief of the clan name despite the Lovat line's prominence in Jacobite history. This seniority stems from unbroken male-line descent and early land grants in , such as Philorth in 1296, which established the family's lowland influence distinct from Lovat's highland seat. Formal recognition of this leadership role came on 1 May 1984, when the decreed that the then Lady Saltoun was and Arms of , affirming the Saltoun holder's authority over the clan's , tartans, and septs beyond the Lovat branch. This decree resolved longstanding ambiguities, where had occasionally asserted broader chiefship, but prioritized the Philorth line's antiquity; it mandated that all Frasers recognize Saltoun precedence in clan governance, gatherings, and official representations. In practice, this entails responsibilities such as approving clan badges, mediating disputes among septs, and fostering unity across the dispersed Fraser kindred, with the chief serving as a symbolic "mother" or patriarch to thousands worldwide. The chief's role extends to cultural preservation, including the design and endorsement of official clan s—such as the red ancient Fraser —and participation in , societies like the Clan Fraser Society of Scotland, and international events to maintain traditions amid 20th-century dilutions from and . Unlike ceremonial chiefs in other clans, the Saltoun chief actively engages in oversight, as evidenced by petitions to the Lord Lyon for of Fraser arms, ensuring fidelity to the clan's azure-over-ermine symbolizing and purity. This leadership contrasts with Lord Lovat's role as chief of the sept, creating a dual structure where Saltoun holds nominal supremacy but Lovat retains highland military legacy. Succession to the title, governed by the 1445 entail allowing female inheritance, has reinforced female chiefs since 1979, adapting traditional to legal realities while upholding clan continuity.

References

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