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Ludwig Martens
Ludwig Christian Alexander Karl Martens (or Ludwig Karlovich Martens; Russian: Людвиг Карлович Мартенс; 1 January [O.S. 20 December 1874] 1875 – 19 October 1948) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, Soviet diplomat, and engineer.
Ludwig Martens was born on 1 January [O.S. 20 December 1874] 1875 in Bachmut, in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate in the south of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). Ludwig's father, a German-born industrialist named Karl Gustav Adolf Martens, was the owner of a steel mill in Kursk, Russia. There were five sons and two daughters in the family. Two of them, Ludwig and Olga, became professional revolutionaries.
In 1893, Martens graduated from a Kursk Realschule and entered Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, from which he graduated to become a mechanical engineer.
He was fluent in English, German, French, and Russian.
While at the State Institute of Technology, Martens became acquainted with Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov. Soon he became a member of their illegal Marxist group League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.
In 1896, he was arrested and imprisoned for three years. In 1899, as he was thought to be a German national, he was exiled to Germany, where he became a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and was forced into the German Army. In 1902, he graduated from the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin). In 1905, he fled from Germany to Switzerland, where he supported Lenin as an aide and ensured that pamphlets and explosives were smuggled into Russia.
In 1906, following the failure of the 1905 Russian Revolution, Martens emigrated to Great Britain and secretly established a machine gun factory for Lenin. Martens worked as a procurement agent for the Demidov Iron and Steel Works, purchasing machinery for the large industrial works, one of the largest steel works in Russia. In 1914, he declared himself a German alien and left for New York after British intelligence began surveillance of him.
In New York as an engineer, he worked for an import-export business and became close to other similarly politically minded persons to spread Lenin's work and ideas.
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Ludwig Martens
Ludwig Christian Alexander Karl Martens (or Ludwig Karlovich Martens; Russian: Людвиг Карлович Мартенс; 1 January [O.S. 20 December 1874] 1875 – 19 October 1948) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, Soviet diplomat, and engineer.
Ludwig Martens was born on 1 January [O.S. 20 December 1874] 1875 in Bachmut, in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate in the south of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). Ludwig's father, a German-born industrialist named Karl Gustav Adolf Martens, was the owner of a steel mill in Kursk, Russia. There were five sons and two daughters in the family. Two of them, Ludwig and Olga, became professional revolutionaries.
In 1893, Martens graduated from a Kursk Realschule and entered Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, from which he graduated to become a mechanical engineer.
He was fluent in English, German, French, and Russian.
While at the State Institute of Technology, Martens became acquainted with Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov. Soon he became a member of their illegal Marxist group League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.
In 1896, he was arrested and imprisoned for three years. In 1899, as he was thought to be a German national, he was exiled to Germany, where he became a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and was forced into the German Army. In 1902, he graduated from the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin). In 1905, he fled from Germany to Switzerland, where he supported Lenin as an aide and ensured that pamphlets and explosives were smuggled into Russia.
In 1906, following the failure of the 1905 Russian Revolution, Martens emigrated to Great Britain and secretly established a machine gun factory for Lenin. Martens worked as a procurement agent for the Demidov Iron and Steel Works, purchasing machinery for the large industrial works, one of the largest steel works in Russia. In 1914, he declared himself a German alien and left for New York after British intelligence began surveillance of him.
In New York as an engineer, he worked for an import-export business and became close to other similarly politically minded persons to spread Lenin's work and ideas.