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Luigi Einaudi
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Luigi Einaudi
Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi eiˈnaudi]; 24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician, economist and banker who served as the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955 and is considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Republic.
Einaudi was born to Lorenzo Einaudi and Placida Fracchia in Carrù, in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont. In Turin he attended Liceo classico Cavour and completed his university studies; in the same years he became acquainted with socialist ideas and collaborated with the magazine Critica sociale, directed by the socialist leader Filippo Turati. In 1895, after overcoming financial difficulties, he graduated in jurisprudence, and was later appointed a professor in the University of Turin, the Polytechnic University of Turin and the Bocconi University of Milan.
As an economist, Einaudi belonged to the classical school of economics in addition to Pietro Campilli, Epicarmo Corbino and Gustavo Del Vecchio.
From the early 20th century, Einaudi moved increasingly towards a more conservative stance. In 1919 he was named Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He also worked as a journalist for important Italian newspapers such as La Stampa and Il Corriere della Sera, as well as being financial correspondent for The Economist. In 1925, he signed the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals Manifesto. As an anti-fascist, he stopped working for Italian newspapers from 1926, under the fascist regime, resuming his professional relationship with the Corriere della Sera after the fall of the regime in 1943. After the Armistice (8 September 1943) he fled to Switzerland, returning to Italy in 1944. In Switzerland, Einaudi taught economics at the Geneva Graduate Institute.
Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy from 5 January 1945 until 11 May 1948, and was also a founding member of the Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II. Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance, as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947–48. He was also a member of the neo-liberal think tank the Mont Pelerin Society.
Einaudi was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1935 and an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1947.
On 11 May 1948, he was elected the second President of the Italian Republic. At the end of the seven-year term of office in 1955, he became a Life Senator. Einaudi was a member of numerous cultural, economic and university institutions.
A staunch liberal in the European, libertarian sense (he invented the Italian term "liberismo" to mean economic liberalism, arguing with Benedetto Croce), he was a supporter of the idea of European Federalism.
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Luigi Einaudi
Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi eiˈnaudi]; 24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician, economist and banker who served as the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955 and is considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Republic.
Einaudi was born to Lorenzo Einaudi and Placida Fracchia in Carrù, in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont. In Turin he attended Liceo classico Cavour and completed his university studies; in the same years he became acquainted with socialist ideas and collaborated with the magazine Critica sociale, directed by the socialist leader Filippo Turati. In 1895, after overcoming financial difficulties, he graduated in jurisprudence, and was later appointed a professor in the University of Turin, the Polytechnic University of Turin and the Bocconi University of Milan.
As an economist, Einaudi belonged to the classical school of economics in addition to Pietro Campilli, Epicarmo Corbino and Gustavo Del Vecchio.
From the early 20th century, Einaudi moved increasingly towards a more conservative stance. In 1919 he was named Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He also worked as a journalist for important Italian newspapers such as La Stampa and Il Corriere della Sera, as well as being financial correspondent for The Economist. In 1925, he signed the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals Manifesto. As an anti-fascist, he stopped working for Italian newspapers from 1926, under the fascist regime, resuming his professional relationship with the Corriere della Sera after the fall of the regime in 1943. After the Armistice (8 September 1943) he fled to Switzerland, returning to Italy in 1944. In Switzerland, Einaudi taught economics at the Geneva Graduate Institute.
Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy from 5 January 1945 until 11 May 1948, and was also a founding member of the Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II. Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance, as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947–48. He was also a member of the neo-liberal think tank the Mont Pelerin Society.
Einaudi was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1935 and an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1947.
On 11 May 1948, he was elected the second President of the Italian Republic. At the end of the seven-year term of office in 1955, he became a Life Senator. Einaudi was a member of numerous cultural, economic and university institutions.
A staunch liberal in the European, libertarian sense (he invented the Italian term "liberismo" to mean economic liberalism, arguing with Benedetto Croce), he was a supporter of the idea of European Federalism.
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