- Wikipedia

{"parse":{"title":"Lviv","pageid":49968,"text":{"*":"

Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Lvov (surname), Lviv (disambiguation), Lw\u00f3w (disambiguation), and Lemberg (disambiguation).

Lviv \n \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432
City
$\"\"$ Historic Centre of Lviv $\"\"$ Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet $\"\"$ Dormition Church $\"\"$ Church of Sts. Olha and Elizabeth $\"\"$ Market Square $\"\"$ Potocki Palace
\n \n $\"Flag$ Flag $\"Coat$ Coat of arms $\"Official$ Logo
Motto(s): \"Lviv is open to the world\" \"Semper fidelis\" (historical)^[1]
$\"Lviv$ $\"Lviv\"$ Lviv Lviv shown within Lviv Oblast Show map of Lviv Oblast $\"Lviv$ $\"Lviv\"$ Lviv Lviv shown within Ukraine Show map of Ukraine $\"Lviv$ $\"Lviv\"$ Lviv Lviv shown within Europe Show map of Europe
Coordinates: 49\u00b050\u203233\u2033N 24\u00b001\u203256\u2033E / 49.84250\u00b0N 24.03222\u00b0E / 49.84250; 24.03222
Country	$\"\"$ Ukraine
Oblast	Lviv Oblast
Raion	Lviv Raion
Hromada	Lviv urban hromada
Founded	1256
Magdeburg law	1356
Government
\u2022 Mayor	Andriy Sadovyi
Area
\u2022 City	148.9 km² (57.5 sq mi)
\u2022 Metro	4,975 km² (1,921 sq mi)
Elevation	296 m (971 ft)
Population (2022)
\u2022 City	717,273
\u2022 Rank	6th in Ukraine
\u2022 Density	4,800/km² (12,000/sq mi)
\u2022 Metro	1,141,119^[2]^[3]
\u2022 Demonym	Leopolitan
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
\u2022 Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal codes	79000\u201379490
Area code	+380 32(2)
Licence plate	BC, HC (before 2004: \u0422\u0410, \u0422\u0412, \u0422\u041d, \u0422\u0421)
Website	city-adm.lviv.ua\n\n
\nUNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	L'viv \u2013 the Ensemble of the Historic Centre
Criteria	Cultural: ii, v
Reference	865
Inscription	1998 (22nd Session)
Endangered	2023\u2013present
Area	2,441 ha
\n

Lviv (/l\u0259\u02c8vi\u02d0v/ l\u0259-VEEV or /l\u0259\u02c8vi\u02d0f/ l\u0259-VEEF; Ukrainian: \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432 [\u02c8l\u02b2wiu\u032f] ^\u24d8; see below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the sixth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of 717,500 (2022 estimate).^[4] It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion,^[5] and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. Lviv also hosts the administration of Lviv urban hromada. It was named after Leo I of Galicia, the eldest son of Daniel, King of Ruthenia.\n

Lviv emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Che\u0142m, Belz, and Przemy\u015bl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia\u2013Volhynia^[6] from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great of Poland. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1918, for a short time, it was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Between the wars, the city was the centre of the Lw\u00f3w Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic. After the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Lviv was annexed by the Soviet Union.\n

The once-large Jewish community of the city was murdered in large numbers by the Nazis and Ukrainian police during the Holocaust. For decades there was no working synagogue in Lviv after the final one was closed by the Soviets. The greater part of the once-predominant Polish population was sent to Poland during a population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine in 1944\u201346.\n

The historical heart of the city, with its cobblestone streets and architectural assortment of Renaissance, Baroque, Neo-classicism and Art Nouveau, survived Soviet and German occupations during World War II largely unscathed. The historic city centre is on the UNESCO World Heritage List; however, it has been listed as an endangered site due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Due to the city's Mediterranean aura, many Soviet movies set in places like Venice or Rome were actually shot in Lviv.^[7] In 1991, Lviv became part of the independent nation of Ukraine.\n

The city has many industries and institutions of higher education, such as Lviv University and Lviv Polytechnic. Lviv is also the home of many cultural institutions, including a philharmonic orchestra and the Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet.^[8]\n

\n\n

Climate data for Lviv (1991\u20132020, extremes 1936\u2013present)\n
Month\n	Jan\n	Feb\n	Mar\n	Apr\n	May\n	Jun\n	Jul\n	Aug\n	Sep\n	Oct\n	Nov\n	Dec\n	Year\n
Record high \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\n	14.9 (58.8)\n	17.9 (64.2)\n	23.5 (74.3)\n	28.9 (84.0)\n	32.2 (90.0)\n	34.1 (93.4)\n	36.3 (97.3)\n	35.6 (96.1)\n	34.5 (94.1)\n	25.6 (78.1)\n	21.6 (70.9)\n	16.5 (61.7)\n	36.3 (97.3)\n
Mean daily maximum \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\n	0.2 (32.4)\n	2.0 (35.6)\n	7.0 (44.6)\n	14.5 (58.1)\n	19.5 (67.1)\n	23.0 (73.4)\n	24.7 (76.5)\n	24.5 (76.1)\n	19.0 (66.2)\n	13.2 (55.8)\n	6.8 (44.2)\n	1.5 (34.7)\n	13.0 (55.4)\n
Daily mean \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\n	\u22122.7 (27.1)\n	\u22121.5 (29.3)\n	2.5 (36.5)\n	9.0 (48.2)\n	13.8 (56.8)\n	17.3 (63.1)\n	19.0 (66.2)\n	18.5 (65.3)\n	13.5 (56.3)\n	8.4 (47.1)\n	3.3 (37.9)\n	\u22121.3 (29.7)\n	8.3 (46.9)\n
Mean daily minimum \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\n	\u22125.7 (21.7)\n	\u22124.8 (23.4)\n	\u22121.4 (29.5)\n	3.8 (38.8)\n	8.4 (47.1)\n	12.0 (53.6)\n	13.7 (56.7)\n	13.2 (55.8)\n	8.7 (47.7)\n	4.4 (39.9)\n	0.4 (32.7)\n	\u22124.1 (24.6)\n	4.1 (39.4)\n
Record low \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\n	\u221228.5 (\u221219.3)\n	\u221229.5 (\u221221.1)\n	\u221225.0 (\u221213.0)\n	\u221212.1 (10.2)\n	\u22125.0 (23.0)\n	0.5 (32.9)\n	4.5 (40.1)\n	2.6 (36.7)\n	\u22123.0 (26.6)\n	\u221213.2 (8.2)\n	\u221217.6 (0.3)\n	\u221225.6 (\u221214.1)\n	\u221229.5 (\u221221.1)\n
Average precipitation mm (inches)\n	46 (1.8)\n	48 (1.9)\n	48 (1.9)\n	52 (2.0)\n	93 (3.7)\n	86 (3.4)\n	96 (3.8)\n	73 (2.9)\n	70 (2.8)\n	57 (2.2)\n	50 (2.0)\n	50 (2.0)\n	769 (30.3)\n
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)\n	7 (2.8)\n	9 (3.5)\n	4 (1.6)\n	0 (0)\n	0 (0)\n	0 (0)\n	0 (0)\n	0 (0)\n	0 (0)\n	0 (0)\n	1 (0.4)\n	4 (1.6)\n	9 (3.5)\n
Average rainy days\n	9\n	9\n	11\n	14\n	16\n	17\n	16\n	14\n	14\n	14\n	13\n	11\n	158\n
Average snowy days\n	17\n	17\n	11\n	3\n	0.1\n	0\n	0\n	0\n	0\n	1\n	8\n	15\n	72\n
Average relative humidity (%)\n	83.0\n	81.3\n	76.5\n	69.3\n	70.7\n	74.0\n	74.9\n	76.3\n	79.4\n	80.3\n	83.8\n	85.1\n	77.9\n
Mean monthly sunshine hours\n	64\n	79\n	112\n	188\n	227\n	238\n	254\n	222\n	179\n	148\n	56\n	37\n	1,804\n
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net,^[13]\n
Source 2: NOAA (humidity 1981\u20132010)^[15] (sun 1961\u20131990)^[14] Ogimet^[16]\n

Year	Pop.	\u00b1%
1939	340,000	\u2014
1959	410,678	+20.8%
1970	553,452	+34.8%
1979	667,243	+20.6%
1989	790,908	+18.5%
2001	732,818	\u22127.3%
2011	732,009	\u22120.1%
2022	717,273	\u22122.0%
Source: ^[109]

Population structure by religion 1869\u20131931\n
Community\n	1869^[112]\n	1890^[113]\n	1900^[114]\n	1910^[115]\n	1921^[115]\n	1931^[116]\n
Roman Catholic	53.1%	52.6%	51.7%	51%	51%	50.4%\n
Jewish	30.6%	28.2%	27.7%	28%	35%	31.9%\n
Greek Catholic	14.2%	17.1%	18.3%	19%	12%	15.9%\n

Population makeup by ethnicity 1900\u20132001\n
Ethnicity\n	1900^[117]\n	1931^[116]\n	1944^[118]\n	1950\n	1959^[119]\n	1979^[119]\n	1989^[119]\n	2001^[120]\n
Ukrainians	19.9%	15.9%	26.4%	49.9%	60.0%	74.0%	79.1%	88.1%\n
Russians	0.0%	0.2%	5.5%	31.2%	27.0%	19.3%	16.1%	8.9%\n
Jews	26.5%	31.9%		6.4%	6.0%	2.7%	1.6%	0.3%\n
Poles	49.4%	50.4%	63%	10.3%	4.0%	1.8%	1.2%	0.9%\n

Ethnicity in Lviv according to censuses of 1989 and 2001 respectively\n
Ukrainians\n	622,800	79.1%	88.1%\n
Russians\n	126,418	16.1%	8.9%\n
Jews\n	12,837	1.6%	0.3%\n
Poles\n	9,697	1.2%	0.9%\n
Belarusians\n	5,800	0.7%	0.4%\n
Armenians\n	1,000	0.1%	0.1%\n
Total\n	778,557		\n
Numbers do not include regions nor the surrounding towns.^[121]^{[full citation needed]}\n

Language use throughout 20th century\n
Language	1931	1970	1979	1989\n
Ukrainian	11.3%	65.2%	71.3%	77.2%\n
Russian	0.1%	31.1%	25.7%	19.9%\n
Yiddish	24.1%			\n
Polish	63.5%			\n
Other	1.0%	3.7%	3.0%	2.9%\n

Language\n	Number\n	Percentage\n
Ukrainian\n	641 688	88.48%\n
Russian\n	72 125	9.95%\n
Other or undecided\n	11 389	1.57%\n
Total\n	725 202	100.00%\n

Year\n	Poles\n	%\n
1921^[125]\n	112,000\n	51\n
1989\n	9,500^[130]\n	1.2^[120]\n
2001^[120]\n	6,400\n	0.9\n

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Town view from High Castle
Criteria	Cultural: ii, v
Reference	865
Inscription	1998 (22nd Session)
Area	120 ha
Buffer zone	2,441 ha

City	State	Year\n
Winnipeg\n	$\"\"$ Canada\n	1973\n
Corning\n	$\"\"$ United States\n	1987\n
Freiburg im Breisgau\n	$\"\"$ Germany\n	1989\n
Rzesz\u00f3w^[203]\n	$\"\"$ Poland\n	1992\n
Rochdale\n	$\"\"$ United Kingdom\n	1992\n
Budapest\n	$\"\"$ Hungary\n	1993\n
Rishon LeZion\n	$\"\"$ Israel\n	1993\n
Przemy\u015bl\n	$\"\"$ Poland\n	1995\n
Krak\u00f3w^[204]\n	$\"\"$ Poland\n	1995\n
Novi Sad\n	$\"\"$ Serbia\n	1999\n
Kutaisi\n	$\"\"$ Georgia\n	2002\n
Wroc\u0142aw^[205]\n	$\"\"$ Poland\n	2003\n
\u0141\u00f3d\u017a^[206]\n	$\"\"$ Poland\n	2003\n
Banja Luka^[207]\n	$\"\"$ Bosnia and Herzegovina\n	2004\n
Lublin^[208]\n	$\"\"$ Poland\n	2004\n
Tbilisi\n	$\"\"$ Georgia\n	2013\n
Parma^[209]\n	$\"\"$ United States\n	2013\n
Vilnius\n	$\"\"$ Lithuania\n	2014\n
Chengdu\n	$\"\"$ China\n	2014\n
Cannes^[210]\n	$\"\"$ France\n	2022\n
W\u00fcrzburg^[211]\n	$\"\"$ Germany\n	2023\n
Katowice^[212]\n	$\"\"$ Poland\n	2023\n
Reykjav\u00edk^[213]\n	$\"\"$ Iceland\n	2023\n
Pula^[214]\n	$\"\"$ Croatia\n	2023\n
Aarhus^[215]\n	$\"\"$ Denmark\n	2023\n
Tartu\n	$\"\"$ Estonia\n	2024\n

City	State	Year\n
Kobe^[216]\n	$\"\"$ Japan\n	2023\n
Frankfurt^[217]\n	$\"\"$ Germany\n	2024\n

v t e Lviv
History	\n Timeline \n Armenian Statute \n Dormition Brotherhood \n Jesuit Collegium \n Siege by Cossacks (1648) \n Siege by Cossacks (1655) \n Lw\u00f3w Oath \n Siege by Turks (1675) \n Leopolis Triplex \n Stauropegion Institute \n Stauropegion Press \n Ossolineum \n Galician Rada \n Halytsko-Ruska Matytsia \n Prosvita \n Ruthenian Triad \n Ruthenian National House \n Hutsul Secession \n Batiars \n Lw\u00f3w Eaglets \n Battle (1918) \n Pogrom (1918) \n Battle (1920) \n Secret Ukrainian University \n Lw\u00f3w\u2013Warsaw school of logic \n Lw\u00f3w School of Mathematics \n Battle (1939) \n Massacre of Lw\u00f3w professors \n Lviv pogroms (1941) \n Lw\u00f3w Ghetto \n Lw\u00f3w Uprising \n Lvov\u2013Sandomierz Offensive (1944) \n Sknyliv air show disaster \n	$\"Coat$ Coat of arms of Lviv
Religion	\n Armenian Cathedral \n Cathedral of St. George \n Boim Chapel \n Bernardine Church \n Bridgettine Convent \n Carmelite Church \n Convent of Benedictines \n Church of St. Anne \n Church of John the Baptist \n Church of Mary of Snow \n Church of St. Elizabeth \n Church of St. Mary Magdalene \n Monastery and church of St. Onuphrius \n Church of the Dormition \n Church of the Purification, Lviv \n Church of the Transfiguration \n Dominican Church \n Jesuit Church \n Latin Cathedral \n
Attractions	\n Arena Lviv \n Arsenal Museum \n Bandinelli Palace \n Black Kamienica \n Catholic University \n Cemetery of the Defenders of Lw\u00f3w \n Forum Lviv \n Freedom Boulevard \n Government House \n King Cross Leopolis \n Korniakt Palace \n Lviv High Castle \n Lviv University \n Lychakivskiy Cemetery \n Market Square \n Mickiewicz Square \n National Museum \n Polytechnic University \n Lubomirski Palace \n Metropolitan Palace \n Old Town \n Pharmacy Museum \n Potocki Palace \n Sapieha Palace \n Scottish Caf\u00e9 \n Shevchenkivskyi Hai \n Theatre of Opera and Ballet \n Skarbek Theatre \n Town Hall \n Ukraina Stadium \n Union of Lublin Mound \n
Districts	\n Frankivskyi \n Halytskyi \n Lychakivskyi \n Shevchenkivskyi \n Sykhivskyi \n Zaliznychnyi \n
City Council	\n Vynnyky \n Briukhovychi \n Rudne \n
Transport	\n Tramway \n Trolleybus \n Bus \n Intercity bus station \n Airport \n Main railway station \n Suburban railway station \n Pidzamche railway station \n
\n $\"\"$ Category \n

Authority control databases $\"Edit$
International	VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Czech Republic Spain Latvia Poland Israel
Geographic	MusicBrainz area
Other	IdRef Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine

Names and symbols

Geography

Climate

History

Galicia\u2013Volhynia Wars

Kingdom of Poland

Habsburg Empire

First World War

Polish\u2013Ukrainian War

Interwar period

World War II

Soviet occupation and incorporation

German occupation

Soviet re-occupation

Soviet Era

Independent Ukraine

Russo-Ukrainian War

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Administrative divisions

Demographics

Historical populations

Language

Ethnic Polish population

Jewish population

Economy

Information technology

Culture

Architecture

Monuments

Religion

Christianity

Judaism

Arts

Theatre and opera

Museums and art galleries

Music

Universities and academia

Mathematics

Print and media

In cinema and literature

Parks

Sport

Association football

Stadia

Other sports

Tourism

Popular culture

Public transport

Railways

Air transport

Bicycle lanes

Education

Universities

Notable people

International relations

Twin towns \u2013 sister cities

Partner cities

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Lviv

Media collections