Machine Robo (マシンロボ, Mashin Robo) is a Japanese transforming robot toyline first released in 1982 by Popy, a division of Bandai, then later by Bandai proper. The franchise was marketed as Robo Machine in Europe and Machine Men in Australia. A large portion of these toys were exported to North America as part of Tonka's Gobots series, which began in 1983.

The initial assortment of Machine Robos consisted of small toy robots which transformed into vehicles, aircraft, etc., comparable in size to Matchbox cars. These early MR toys have become known as the "600 series" (being priced at ¥600 each), and were developed through ideas submitted by children, similar to the children's submissions in the Kinnikuman anime series. Larger-scale deluxe ("DX") toys were soon released, along with other non-transforming vehicles and figures.

The first era of Machine Robo began in 1982 with the release of the 600 series by Popy. According to Bandai, the development for the line began back in 1980 and almost took more than a year to develop. Despite its low price, the toyline was positively received due to its details including its die-cast metal body, clear parts and in some toys, inclusion of rubber tires.

The toyline was imported to the west by toy manufacturer Tonka and released under the name Gobots, with its animated series released in 1984, which became a success upon release. Both in Japan and in the West, Machine Robo's main competition was The Transformers, whose animated series debuted in Japan in 1985.

With the success of the Gobots cartoon in America, Bandai decided to team up with Ashi Productions to produce Revenge of Cronos, which debuted in 1986. Upon the release of the anime also comes the rerelease of the 600 series to coincide with the show alongside newer toys such as the MRC DX Pile Formation Set Baikunfu, a redeco of the DX Chogokin Gordian Warrior among many others. It was soon followed with a second series Machine Robo: Battle Hackers in 1987, also animated by Ashi Productions which also introduced new toys to the series. Several OVAs for Revenge of Cronos were produced from 1988 to 1990.

In 1988, the Winner Robo line was released.

Bandai later introduced the CG Robo (シージーロボ, Shījī Robo) line in 1993. The "CG" is short for "Change & Glow", pointing to the fact that this line of 14 figures not only transformed, but also had working lights and sounds. CG-01 to CG-05 were released in Europe with minor changes as part of the Robo Machines toyline.

After the release of the CG Robo, the franchise became fully dormant for 11 years until Bandai released the "Machine Robo GP" line of Capsule Toys was released as the first product bearing the "Machine Robo" name in 13 years.