Makhachkala Synagogue (Russian: Махачкалинская синагога; Hebrew: בית הכנסת במחצ'קלה) is the Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Ermoshkina Street, Building 111, in the city of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan, in the North Caucasus of Russia.

In 1862, in the city of Makhachkala, on the initiative of Joseph Pevechevich, a veteran of the Caucasian War in the Imperial Russian Army against Imam Shamil, the first synagogue was built. Both Ashkenazi Jews (including 61 artisans and 20 soldiers of the local garrison) and Mountain Jews prayed there. Rabbi Binyamin was the rabbi of Makhachkala in the 1860s.

In 1895, there were 2 synagogues in Makhachkala.

In 1899, a school (9 male students) operated at the synagogue. The rabbi of the Ashkenazi Jews was Abram Movshovich Lozner, and of the Mountain Jews was Mordukhai Iliazarov.

In 1910, there were 3 synagogues in Makhachkala.

According to various sources, before the Russian Revolution in 1917, the number of synagogues in Makhachkala varied from three to seven, but they were all confiscated by the Soviet authorities.

In the 1920s, two synagogues were closed. One of the synagogues was on Lenin Street, but the city authorities closed it, and later the synagogue was torn down. Despite this, the Jews in Makhachkala still quietly gathered for prayers in secret from the government authorities.

In 1970, the synagogue building in Makhachkala was requisitioned, and the community was given a smaller building on the outskirts of the city. Since 1971, the city's rabbi was B. I. Ashurov.