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Manco Inca Yupanqui

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Manco Inca Yupanqui

Manco Inca Yupanqui (c. 1515 – 1544) was the founder and first Sapa Inca of the independent Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba, although he was originally a puppet Inca Emperor installed by the Spaniards. He was also known as Manco II and Manco Cápac II. He was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and a younger brother of Huáscar.

Manco Inca, one of the more than 50 sons of Huayna Capac, was born in Cuzco in 1515. His early history is obscure. He took part in the conquest of the Antisuyu in Bolivia during the years 1532-1533.

When Atahualpa's troops took the city under the command of General Quizquiz, they killed the descendants of Huayna Cápac, the Huascar supporters, and anyone who could try to take the place of the Inca. Because of this, Manco Inca was forced to flee, avoiding any contact with the atahualpists.

On 14 November 1533, he met the conquistador Francisco Pizarro and his contingent, both Inca and Spanish. This and other events, such as the massacre of Atahualpa, led Manco Inca to believe that the Spaniards were "saviours" sent by the gods.

Túpac Huallpa was a puppet ruler crowned by Francisco Pizarro. After his death, Manco Inca joined Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro in Cajamarca. When Pizarro's forces arrived in Cusco, he had the caciques acknowledge Manco as their Inca. Manco Inca then joined Almagro and Hernando de Soto in pursuit of Quizquiz.

When Pizarro left Cuzco with Almagro and Manco Inca, for Jauja in pursuit of Quizquiz, Francisco left his younger brothers Gonzalo Pizarro and Juan Pizarro as regidores, and a ninety-man garrison in the city.

The Pizarro brothers so mistreated Manco Inca that he ultimately tried to escape in 1535. He failed, was captured and imprisoned. Hernando Pizarro released him to recover a golden statue of his father, Huayna Cápac. Only accompanied by two Spaniards, he easily escaped a second time. Manco then gathered an army of 200,000 Inca warriors and laid siege to Cusco in early 1536, taking advantage of Diego de Almagro's absence. Manco called on other Inca to join him in his attack on the Spaniards, but some factions, including Paullu Inca's, refused to join the attack.

After ten months (see the siege of Cuzco), Manco retreated to the nearby fortress of Ollantaytambo in 1537. Here, Manco successfully defended attacks by the Spaniards in the battle of Ollantaytambo in January 1537.

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