Maria Petrovna Buynosova-Rostovskaya (Буйносова-Ростовская, Мария Петровна in Russian) died 2 January 1626) was the second spouse and only tsarina consort of Tsar Vasili IV of Russia.

Maria Buynosova-Rostovskaya, originally named Yekaterina (Catherine) comes from the extinct princely House of Buynosov-Rostovsky [ru]. She was the daughter of prince Pyotr Buynosov-Rostovsky, and related to the Nagoi family. The wedding to Vasili IV took place on 17 January, 1608.

She and Vasili had two children, Anna and Anastasia.

In 1610, Vasili - a boyar who had overthrown the previous claimant to the throne, the 'false Dimitri' - was deposed. After the deposition of her consort, Maria was forced to enter a convent, Novodevichy. As a nun, she took the name Elena. Her youngest daughter, by then newborn, joined her into the exile.

Maria died at the Pokrovski, convent in 1625.