Martin Chartier (French pronunciation: [maʁtɛ̃ ʃaʁtje]; 1655 – Apr 1718) was a French-Canadian explorer and trader, carpenter and glove maker. He lived much of his life amongst the Shawnee Native Americans in what is now the United States.

Chartier accompanied Louis Jolliet on two of his journeys to the Illinois Country of New France, and went with René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle on his 1679–80 journey to Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and Lake Michigan. Chartier assisted in the construction of Fort Miami and Fort Crèvecoeur. On April 16, 1680, Chartier, together with six other men, mutinied, looted, burned Fort Crèvecoeur, and fled.

In a letter dated 1682, La Salle stated that Martin Chartier "was one of these who incited the others to do as they did."

Chartier sometimes was written as Chartiere, Chartiers, Shartee or Shortive.

Martin Chartier was born in 1655 in St-Jean-de-Montierneuf, Poitiers, Poitou, France. In 1667, when he was twelve, his family emigrated from France to New France, including his father René, brother Pierre, and sister Jeanne Renée. They joined his paternal grandfather and uncle there.

On the transatlantic voyage, Chartier and his father René became acquainted with René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, who was also immigrating to Canada. Some sources state that the young Chartier spent the next several years in Montreal learning to make gloves, but there is also evidence that he was apprenticed to a carpenter.

Chartier's father, uncle and grandfather were killed in the Lachine massacre outside Montreal on August 5, 1689.

In 1672, Martin Chartier and his brother Pierre took part in Louis Jolliet's second expedition. In December 1672 Jolliett and his company reached the Straits of Mackinac, where he met up with Pierre Marquette. They talked with native people and prepared maps for the 1673 expedition to find the mouth of the Mississippi River; a voyage that would become famous. They wanted to discover whether it flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean.