Marvel Masterworks is an American collection of hardcover and trade paperback comic book reprints published by Marvel Comics, with the main goal of republishing classic Marvel Comics storylines in a hardcover, premium edition, often with restored artwork and better graphical quality when compared to other Marvel collected editions. The collection started in 1987, with volumes reprinting the issues of The Amazing Spider-Man, The Fantastic Four, The X-Men, and The Avengers. The Masterworks line has expanded from such reprints of the 1960s period that fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comic Books to include the 1930s–1940s Golden Age; comics of Marvel's 1950s pre-Code forerunner, Atlas Comics; and even some reprints from the 1970s period called the Bronze Age of Comic Books. In 2023, Fantagraphics began releasing hardcover collections of Atlas and Marvel Comics that Marvel had neglected to issue themselves. Marvel announced that the series would be going on hiatus after volume 389, effectively cancelling the next volume, which was to be The Defenders vol. 10.

DC Comics launched DC Archive Editions in 1989, their equivalent of the Marvel Masterworks line.

The first printing of Masterworks books from Marvel started in 1987 (three in 1987, four per year after that) and continued until 1994 (27 volumes), most with a suggested retail price of US$29.95 (Hulk $24.95) for the first three years, $34.95 after that (Silver Surfer Vol. 19 $44.95). The first printings had a marble-look dust jacket with either light gray, pastels or primary colors; the binding was a faux leather dyed in the color associated with the title (Marvel Masterworks, volume number, and title was embossed usually in gold (exceptions: The Silver Surfer, Iron Man) on the spine along with an embossed symbol representing the character(s) of the title on the front) and numbered in the order the volumes were released (e.g., The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1 was #1, The Fantastic Four Vol. 1 was #2). Volumes contained about 10 issues (plus one Annual) and were about 220-260 pages each. Some volumes had fewer pages, such as The Invincible Iron Man Vol. 1 (197 pages), The Incredible Hulk Vol. 1 (150 pages), and The Uncanny X-Men Vol. 1-3 (each under 200 pages). The end papers featured a "gallery" of three sequential Masterworks covers, along with a partial cover of the next volume in the series (except Volumes 1, 2 and 27). The volume in which the "gallery" was printed would always "hang" in the third position, preceded by the previous two volumes. Some volumes have had multiple printings, such as The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1, with seven.

Also during the original Marvel Masterworks run between 1992 and 1993, Marvel Comics had published lower-priced trade paperback editions of selected volumes in the Masterworks line, but these versions only reprinted half of the contents compared to the hardcover editions. These were:

Even though on the cover each book was labeled as Volume 1, no subsequent volumes were ever published for these trade paperbacks. Marvel did not try trade paperback versions of the Masterworks again until 2002 and 2009.

From 1994 to 1996, no new Masterworks were published, and existing volumes did not get additional printings. Following this, from 1997 to 2002, the Masterworks line was revived, when some of the original 27 went back into print with a new style of dust jacket designed by Comicraft, and without the chronological numbering on the spine. Instead, the line used the number of the volume for each particular comic book series. Four new Masterworks were published from 2000 to 2002, bringing the total then to 31. Only 10 volumes were published in total from this initial relaunch, and they were Marvel Masterworks: The Fantastic Four Vol. 1 and Vol. 6, Marvel Masterworks: Daredevil Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, Marvel Masterworks: The Mighty Thor Vol. 1 and Vol. 3, Marvel Masterworks: X-Men Vol. 1 and Vol. 3, Marvel Masterworks: The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 1, and Marvel Masterworks: The Avengers Vol. 1. They are now out of print.

With The Sub-Mariner Vol. 1, the 32nd Masterwork, Marvel relaunched the line with silver dust jackets in 2003. On the front cover dust jacket, these initial releases had the book's interior contents and creator names on the top of the front cover art image, and the Marvel Masterworks name under the cover art on the bottom, with the volume number on the spine featured in a black-filled square with silver edging, with a silver font labeling the volume number. Post-2003 afterward, Marvel redesigned the look: the Masterworks name with the title and volume number now up on top of the cover image, with the interior contents and creator names listed at the bottom of the cover art, and the dust jacket spine numbering filled in a silver square with black lettering font labeling the volume number. From 2002 to 2004, Marvel brought the 31 now-out-of-print volumes back into print, all with the new silver dust jackets. Like the other releases from 1997 on, these dust jackets do not have the chronological numbering. Upon their initial release, however, a limited print run (about 1,000 to 1,500) was produced with variant dust jackets that used the original marble-look style and retained the absolute chronological numbering (only on the dust jacket's spine). These carried a $5 higher suggested retail price than the regular editions (typically US$54.99).

Some changes were made for the new second editions, with some issues/covers re-colored, previously unreprinted pin-up pages added, and some issues were moved between volumes (Annual issues were amongst the changes made, as Marvel wanted to do a more accurate chronological reprinting of their history than the Masterworks series had previously attained).