Pennington's research and advocacy played a crucial role in improving refrigeration practices throughout the food industry. Her work led to more efficient and effective methods for chilling, freezing, and transporting perishable foods, reducing spoilage and extending shelf life.

Her contributions were instrumental in establishing and enforcing stricter food safety standards in the United States. Her work provided the scientific basis for regulations aimed at preventing foodborne illnesses and protecting consumers.

Pennington's legacy continues to influence food science and technology today. Her emphasis on proper food handling, refrigeration, and preservation remains relevant in addressing modern food safety challenges and ensuring a safe and reliable food supply.