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Metropolis of Halych
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Metropolis of Halych
The Metropolis of Halych was a metropolis of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church. It was erected on the territory of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia in 1303 by Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople. The episcopal seat of the metropolis was in the city of Halych in the "Cathedral of the Assumption".
In 1241, the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia was captured by the Mongol army. In 1245, King Daniel of Galicia won a decisive battle over the Hungarian-Polish army of his opponent Rostislav Mikhailovich and united Halychia with Volhynia. After this victory, he built his residence in Kholm in the western part of Volhynia. After Daniel's visit to Batu Khan, he made payments of tribute to the Golden Horde.
In 1299, the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' — Maximus — transferred the metropolitan seat from Kiev to the city of Vladimir-on-Klyazma. In reaction to this move, King Daniel's son and successor on the throne — Leo I — petitioned the Ecumenical Patriarch to erect a new metropolis in the territory of his kingdom. Leo died in 1301 but his son — Yuri I of Galicia — succeeded in securing the charter of establishment from Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople with the approval of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos.
There were five suffragan sees (eparchies) in the metropolis that were mostly located in the region of Volhynia: Volodymyr of Volhynia, Lutsk, Peremysl, Turiv, Kholm.
Little is known about the first metropolitan — Niphont (1303–1305). Following his death, the see lay vacant for three years. During that time, there were civil struggles with neighbouring realms. In 1308 Yuri Lvovych nominated Peter of Moscow as Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'. In the absence of a hierarch in Halych, Peter was effectively the administrator of that metropolis as well as his own metropolis of Kiev. In 1325, Peter moved his metropolitan seat 200 kilometers (120 mi) to the west from Vladimir to Moscow.
Following the death of Peter in 1326, the see of Halych was filled by Gabriel. Two years later, Theognostus of Kiev (reigned 1328–1353) was consecrated as the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'. Theognostus and the Grand Dukes of Moscow wanted to get rid of a rival metropolis in Rus' lands. After Gabriel's death in 1329, the metropolis entered a period of crisis. The see again lay vacant until 1337.
In 1337, Patriarch John XIV of Constantinople approved the appointment of a new Metropolitan of Halych — Theodore. Little is known about his career. Following his death in 1347, the Grand Prince of Moscow — Simeon — conspired with Theognostus of Kiev to convince Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos to disestablish the Halych metropolis. At that time, the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia was convulsed by the Galicia–Volhynia Wars which resulted in the kingdom being sundered between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
Theognostus of Kiev died in 1353. He was succeeded in the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' by Alexius (reigned 1354–1378). In 1355, after diplomatic struggles, a restored Patriarch Callistus I of Constantinople, in agreement with Philotheus, united the Metropolis of Halych with the Metropolis of Lithuania under the leadership of Metropolitan Roman. Callistus also confirmed that Alexius remained in possession of the "Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'". All eparchies of the Halych metropolis were transferred to the jurisdiction of a united metropolis, which was also known as the "Metropolis of Lithuania-Volhynia". The rivalry between Roman and Alexius continued until Roman's death in 1362. From 1362 to 1371, the vacant see of Lithuania–Halych was administered by Alexius.
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Metropolis of Halych AI simulator
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Metropolis of Halych
The Metropolis of Halych was a metropolis of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church. It was erected on the territory of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia in 1303 by Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople. The episcopal seat of the metropolis was in the city of Halych in the "Cathedral of the Assumption".
In 1241, the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia was captured by the Mongol army. In 1245, King Daniel of Galicia won a decisive battle over the Hungarian-Polish army of his opponent Rostislav Mikhailovich and united Halychia with Volhynia. After this victory, he built his residence in Kholm in the western part of Volhynia. After Daniel's visit to Batu Khan, he made payments of tribute to the Golden Horde.
In 1299, the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' — Maximus — transferred the metropolitan seat from Kiev to the city of Vladimir-on-Klyazma. In reaction to this move, King Daniel's son and successor on the throne — Leo I — petitioned the Ecumenical Patriarch to erect a new metropolis in the territory of his kingdom. Leo died in 1301 but his son — Yuri I of Galicia — succeeded in securing the charter of establishment from Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople with the approval of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos.
There were five suffragan sees (eparchies) in the metropolis that were mostly located in the region of Volhynia: Volodymyr of Volhynia, Lutsk, Peremysl, Turiv, Kholm.
Little is known about the first metropolitan — Niphont (1303–1305). Following his death, the see lay vacant for three years. During that time, there were civil struggles with neighbouring realms. In 1308 Yuri Lvovych nominated Peter of Moscow as Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'. In the absence of a hierarch in Halych, Peter was effectively the administrator of that metropolis as well as his own metropolis of Kiev. In 1325, Peter moved his metropolitan seat 200 kilometers (120 mi) to the west from Vladimir to Moscow.
Following the death of Peter in 1326, the see of Halych was filled by Gabriel. Two years later, Theognostus of Kiev (reigned 1328–1353) was consecrated as the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'. Theognostus and the Grand Dukes of Moscow wanted to get rid of a rival metropolis in Rus' lands. After Gabriel's death in 1329, the metropolis entered a period of crisis. The see again lay vacant until 1337.
In 1337, Patriarch John XIV of Constantinople approved the appointment of a new Metropolitan of Halych — Theodore. Little is known about his career. Following his death in 1347, the Grand Prince of Moscow — Simeon — conspired with Theognostus of Kiev to convince Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos to disestablish the Halych metropolis. At that time, the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia was convulsed by the Galicia–Volhynia Wars which resulted in the kingdom being sundered between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
Theognostus of Kiev died in 1353. He was succeeded in the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' by Alexius (reigned 1354–1378). In 1355, after diplomatic struggles, a restored Patriarch Callistus I of Constantinople, in agreement with Philotheus, united the Metropolis of Halych with the Metropolis of Lithuania under the leadership of Metropolitan Roman. Callistus also confirmed that Alexius remained in possession of the "Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'". All eparchies of the Halych metropolis were transferred to the jurisdiction of a united metropolis, which was also known as the "Metropolis of Lithuania-Volhynia". The rivalry between Roman and Alexius continued until Roman's death in 1362. From 1362 to 1371, the vacant see of Lithuania–Halych was administered by Alexius.