Faraday demonstrated electromagnetic rotation, the principle behind the electric motor, by making a current-carrying wire rotate around a magnet. This was the first instance of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Faraday made his most significant discovery: electromagnetic induction. He found that a changing magnetic field could induce an electric current in a nearby conductor. This principle forms the basis of the electric generator and transformer.

Based on his discovery of electromagnetic induction, Faraday constructed the first electric dynamo, a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Faraday introduced the concept of 'lines of force' to visualize and understand electric and magnetic fields. This revolutionary idea provided a visual representation of fields and paved the way for James Clerk Maxwell's mathematical description of electromagnetism.