The Military Intelligence Agency (Serbian: Војнообавештајна агенција, romanized: Vojnoobaveštajna agencija; abbr. ВОА / VOA) is the military intelligence agency of Serbia, organizational unit of the Ministry of Defence. It is responsible for providing military information, as well as representing and protecting the military interests of Serbia abroad and carries out its tasks through activities of military intelligence and military diplomacy.

With establishment of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia, by the 1876 Act on the General Staff Organization, the bearer of the military intelligence activities was the First Susbsection of Operations Section of the General Staff (Prvi odsek Operativnog odeljenja Đeneralštaba). In 1884, it was transformed in the External Subsection of the Operation Section of the General Staff (Spoljni odsek Operativnog odeljenja Đeneralštaba) acting as the intelligence service of the Royal Serbian Army.

The missions and competneces of the External Subsection were subsequently extended and in 1900 it was renamed to Subsection for Reporting of the Operation Section (Izveštajni odsek Operativnog odeljenja).

During World War I, when the General Staff was transformed into the Serbian Supreme Command, the Subsection for Reporting of the Operation Section became the Intelligence Subsection of the Operation Section of the Supreme Command (Obaveštajni odsek Operativnog odeljenja Vrhovne komande).

In 1920, four departments were established within the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the newly-formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the fourth of which, the Intelligence Department of the General Staff (Obaveštajno odeljenje Generalštaba), performed military intelligence and counterintelligence activities.

After the World War II, the General Staff of the Yugoslav People’s Army had an Intelligence Section which in 1947 became Second Directorate within the General Staff of the Yugoslav People’s Army. Subsequently, in 1950s it was renamed to the Intelligence Directorate the General Staff of the Yugoslav People’s Army (Obaveštajna uprava Generalštaba). It was in charge of assessing the level of threat to Yugoslavia, as well as of the intentions and capacities of the potential aggressor. Those estimates represented the basis for definition and adoption of the war doctrine and elaboration of the Yugoslav People’s Army’s war plans.

In 1992, after the break-up of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and formation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (consisting of Serbia and Montenegro), the Intelligence Directorate was subordinated to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro.

In 2004, the Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff was disbanded, and its members were transferred to a newly formed Military Intelligence Agency (which assumed the greatest part of the tasks and competencies of the Intelligence department was established as an independent organizational entity and subordinated to the Ministry of Defense) and Intelligence and Reconnaissance Directorate of the General Staff (which was in charge of reconnaissance military units: infantry reconnaissance units of the Army, 353rd Recconnaissance Squadron of the Air Force and 224th Center for Electronic Action).