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Momeik
Momeik (Burmese: မိုးမိတ်), also known as Möng Mit (Shan: မိူင်းမိတ်ႈ), is a town situated on the Shweli River in northern Shan State. It is the capital of Mongmit District and the principal town of Mongmit Township, Myanmar.
It is connected by road to Mogok and its ruby mines, and via Mogok to Mandalay, and to Kyaukme which is on the Mandalay-Lashio railway line. Momeik is also linked to Myitkyina, capital of Kachin State via Mabein and Bhamo. There is an airport for domestic flights to Momeik.
Whereas Mogok lies at an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m), Momeik is just 800 feet (240 m) above sea level and 28 miles (45 km) to the north of Mogok. 60 miles (97 km) by road to the west of Mogok lies Twinnge Village and the town of Thabeikkyin on the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy). There is now a direct road linking Twinnge with Momeik.
Möng Mit was founded in 1238. Thirteen villages of the Mogok Stone Tract were given to Möng Mit in 1420 as a reward for helping Yunnan raid Chiang Mai. In 1465, Nang Han Lung, the daughter-in-law of the Saopha (Sawbwa in Burmese) of Momeik, sent ruby as separate tribute from Hsenwi and succeeded in keeping the former possessions of Hsenwi until 1484 when Mogok was ceded to the Burmese kings. It was however not until 1597 that the Saopha of Möng Mit was forced to exchange Mogok and Kyatpyin with Tagaung, and they were formally annexed by royal edict.
Earlier in 1542, when the Shan ruler of Ava Thohanbwa (1527–1543) marched with the Saophas of Möng Yang, Hsipaw, Möng Mit, Möng Kawng, Man Maw and Yawnghwe to come to the aid of Prome against the Burmese, he was defeated by Bayinnaung. In 1544, Hkonmaing (1543-1546), Saopha of Onbaung-Hsipaw and successor to Thohanbwa, attempted to regain Prome, with the help of Möng Yang, Möng Mit, Möng Nai, Hsenwi, Man Maw and Yawnghwe, only to be defeated by King Tabinshwehti (1512–1550).
Bayinnaung succeeded in three campaigns, 1556-9, to reduce the Shan states of Möng Yang (Mohnyin), Möng Kawng (Mogaung), Möng Mit (Momeik), Möng Pai (Mobyè), Samka (Saga), Lawksawk (Yatsauk), Yawnghwe, Hsipaw, Man Maw, Kalay, Chiang Mai, and Linzin (Vientiane), before he raided up the Taping and Shweli Rivers in 1562.
A bell donated by King Bayinnaung (1551–1581) at Shwezigon Pagoda in Bagan has inscriptions in Burmese, Pali and Mon recording the conquest of Momeik and Hsipaw on 25 January 1557, and the building of a pagoda at Momeik on 8 February 1557.
The Saopha of Möng Mit had just died at the time of the British annexation in 1885 leaving a minor as heir, and the administration at Möng Mit was weak. It was included under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner of the Northern Division instead of the Superintendent of the Northern Shan States. A pretender named Hkam Leng came to claim the title, but he was rejected by the ministers. A Burmese prince called Saw Yan Naing, who had risen up against the British, fled to the area and joined forces with Hkam Leng, and caused a great deal of problems during 1888-9 to the Hampshire Regiment stationed at Momeik.
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Momeik
Momeik (Burmese: မိုးမိတ်), also known as Möng Mit (Shan: မိူင်းမိတ်ႈ), is a town situated on the Shweli River in northern Shan State. It is the capital of Mongmit District and the principal town of Mongmit Township, Myanmar.
It is connected by road to Mogok and its ruby mines, and via Mogok to Mandalay, and to Kyaukme which is on the Mandalay-Lashio railway line. Momeik is also linked to Myitkyina, capital of Kachin State via Mabein and Bhamo. There is an airport for domestic flights to Momeik.
Whereas Mogok lies at an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m), Momeik is just 800 feet (240 m) above sea level and 28 miles (45 km) to the north of Mogok. 60 miles (97 km) by road to the west of Mogok lies Twinnge Village and the town of Thabeikkyin on the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy). There is now a direct road linking Twinnge with Momeik.
Möng Mit was founded in 1238. Thirteen villages of the Mogok Stone Tract were given to Möng Mit in 1420 as a reward for helping Yunnan raid Chiang Mai. In 1465, Nang Han Lung, the daughter-in-law of the Saopha (Sawbwa in Burmese) of Momeik, sent ruby as separate tribute from Hsenwi and succeeded in keeping the former possessions of Hsenwi until 1484 when Mogok was ceded to the Burmese kings. It was however not until 1597 that the Saopha of Möng Mit was forced to exchange Mogok and Kyatpyin with Tagaung, and they were formally annexed by royal edict.
Earlier in 1542, when the Shan ruler of Ava Thohanbwa (1527–1543) marched with the Saophas of Möng Yang, Hsipaw, Möng Mit, Möng Kawng, Man Maw and Yawnghwe to come to the aid of Prome against the Burmese, he was defeated by Bayinnaung. In 1544, Hkonmaing (1543-1546), Saopha of Onbaung-Hsipaw and successor to Thohanbwa, attempted to regain Prome, with the help of Möng Yang, Möng Mit, Möng Nai, Hsenwi, Man Maw and Yawnghwe, only to be defeated by King Tabinshwehti (1512–1550).
Bayinnaung succeeded in three campaigns, 1556-9, to reduce the Shan states of Möng Yang (Mohnyin), Möng Kawng (Mogaung), Möng Mit (Momeik), Möng Pai (Mobyè), Samka (Saga), Lawksawk (Yatsauk), Yawnghwe, Hsipaw, Man Maw, Kalay, Chiang Mai, and Linzin (Vientiane), before he raided up the Taping and Shweli Rivers in 1562.
A bell donated by King Bayinnaung (1551–1581) at Shwezigon Pagoda in Bagan has inscriptions in Burmese, Pali and Mon recording the conquest of Momeik and Hsipaw on 25 January 1557, and the building of a pagoda at Momeik on 8 February 1557.
The Saopha of Möng Mit had just died at the time of the British annexation in 1885 leaving a minor as heir, and the administration at Möng Mit was weak. It was included under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner of the Northern Division instead of the Superintendent of the Northern Shan States. A pretender named Hkam Leng came to claim the title, but he was rejected by the ministers. A Burmese prince called Saw Yan Naing, who had risen up against the British, fled to the area and joined forces with Hkam Leng, and caused a great deal of problems during 1888-9 to the Hampshire Regiment stationed at Momeik.