Movable cellular automaton

The movable cellular automaton (MCA) method is a method in computational solid mechanics based on the discrete concept. It provides advantages both of classical cellular automaton and discrete element methods. One important advantage of the MCA method is that it permits direct simulation of material fracture, including damage generation, crack propagation, fragmentation, and mass mixing. It is difficult to simulate these processes by means of continuum mechanics methods (For example: finite element method, finite difference method, etc.), so some new concepts like peridynamics are required. Discrete element method is very effective to simulate granular materials, but mutual forces among movable cellular automata provides simulating solids behavior. As the cell size of the automaton approaches zero, MCA behavior approaches classical continuum mechanics methods. The MCA method was developed in the group of S.G. Psakhie.

In framework of the MCA approach an object under modeling is considered as a set of interacting elements/automata. The dynamics of the set of automata are defined by their mutual forces and rules for their relationships. This system exists and operates in time and space. Its evolution in time and space is governed by the equations of motion. The mutual forces and rules for inter-elements relationships are defined by the function of the automaton response. This function has to be specified for each automaton. Due to mobility of automata the following new parameters of cellular automata have to be included into consideration: Rⁱ – radius-vector of automaton; Vⁱ – velocity of automaton; ωⁱ – rotation velocity of automaton; θⁱ – rotation vector of automaton; mⁱ – mass of automaton; Jⁱ – moment of inertia of automaton.

The new concept of the MCA method is based on the introducing of the state of the pair of automata (relation of interacting pairs of automata) in addition to the conventional one – the state of a separate automaton. Note that the introduction of this definition allows to go from the static net concept to the concept of neighbours. As a result of this, the automata have the ability to change their neighbors by switching the states (relationships) of the pairs.

The introducing of new type of states leads to new parameter to use it as criteria for switching relationships. It is defined as an automaton overlapping parameters h^ij. So the relationship of the cellular automata is characterised by the value of their overlapping.

The initial structure is formed by setting up certain relationships among each pair of neighboring elements.

In contrast to the classical cellular automaton method in the MCA method not only a single automaton but also a relationship of pair of automata can be switched. According with the bistable automata concept there are two types of the pair states (relationships):

So the changing of the state of pair relationships is controlled by relative movements of the automata and the media formed by such pairs can be considered as bistable media.

The evolution of MCA media is described by the following equations of motion for translation: