Andalusi Romance, also called Mozarabic, refers to the varieties of Ibero-Romance that were spoken in Al-Andalus, the parts of the medieval Iberian Peninsula under Islamic control. Romance, or vernacular Late Latin, was the common tongue for the great majority of the Iberian population at the time of the Umayyad conquest in the early eighth century, but over the following centuries, it was gradually superseded by Andalusi Arabic as the main spoken language in the Muslim-controlled south. At the same time, as the northern Christian kingdoms pushed south into Al-Andalus, their respective Romance varieties (especially Castilian) gained ground at the expense of Andalusi Romance as well as Arabic. The final extinction of the former may be estimated to 1300 AD.

Among the medieval Ibero-Romance languages, which were broadly similar to each other (with Castilian as something of an outlier), Andalusi Romance is distinguished not primarily by its linguistic features, but rather by its being written in the Arabic script (mainly, and Hebrew script otherwise). What is known or hypothesized about the particular linguistic features of Andalusi Romance is based on relatively sparse evidence, of which the kharjas, or closing lines of an Andalusi muwaššaḥ poem, are the most important.

The traditional term for the Romance varieties used in al-Andalus is "Mozarabic", derived from Mozarab (itself from the Arabic: مُسْتَعْرَب, romanized: musta‘rab, lit. 'Arabized'), a term used to refer to Arabized Christians in al-Andalus. In the context of medieval Iberia, the term is first documented in Christian sources from the 11th century; it was not used by Muslims to describe Christians.

Some scholars dislike the term for its ambiguity. According to Consuelo Lopez-Morillas:

It has been objected that the term straddles ambiguously the realms of religion and language, and further implies, erroneously, that the dialect was spoken only by Christians. The very form of the word suggests (again a false perception) that it denotes a language somehow related to Arabic.

To describe the varieties of Romance in al-Andalus, Spanish scholars are increasingly using romance andalusí (from the Arabic: أَنْدَلُسِيّ, romanized: andalusī, lit. 'of al-Andalus'), or Andalusi Romance in English.

Speakers of Andalusi Romance, like speakers of Romance anywhere else on the peninsula, would have described their spoken language simply as "ladino", i.e. Latin. The term Ladino has since come to have the specialized sense of Judeo-Spanish. Arab writers used the terms al-Lathinī or al-'ajamīya (العَجَمِيَّة, from ʿajam, 'non-Arab') or Ajami.

Romance was the main language spoken by the population of Iberia when the Umayyads conquered Hispania in 711. Under Muslim rule, Arabic became a superstrate prestige language and would remain the dominant vehicle of literature, high culture, and intellectual expression in Iberia for five centuries (8th–13th).