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Munka language
Munka language
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Munka language
Munka language
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Munka language
Munka
Bamunka
Ŋgieməkɔʼkə
Native toCameroon
Native speakers
31,000 (2008)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3bvm
Glottologbamu1256

The Bamunka language, Ŋgieməkɔʼkə Bamunka pronunciation: [ˈŋgiěꜜmə́ˌkɔ̀ʔkə̌],[2] is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Consonants[3]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labial-velar Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate 		Voiceless /t/ /t͡ʃ/ /k/ /k͡p/ /ʔ/
Voiced /b/ /d/ /d͡ʒ/ /g/
Fricative Voiceless /f/ /s/ /ʃ/
Voiced /v/ /ʒ/ /ɣ/
Nasal /m/ /n/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/
Approximant /l/ /j/ /w/
  • /b/ and /m/ are bilabial, whereas /f/ and /v/ are labiodental.
  • /ɲ/ and /j/ are palatal, whereas /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/ are post-alveolar.

Vowels

[edit]
Vowels[3]
Front Central Back
Close /i/ /ɨ/ /u/
Mid-close /e/ /ə/ /o/
Mid-open /ɛ/ /ɔ/
Open /a/

Tones

[edit]

In addition, Munka has five phonemic tones: three level tones (high, mid, and low) and two contour tones (rising, and falling).[3]

Orthography

[edit]

Ngeloh Takwe proposed this orthography in her post-graduate diploma dissertation in 2002.[3]

Bamunka alphabet (2002)[3]
Letters a b c d e ɛ ə f gh g h ɨ j k kp l m n ny ŋ o ɔ s sh t u v w y zh
IPA /a/ /b/ /t͡ʃ/ /d/ /e/ /ɛ/ /ə/ /f/ /ɣ/ /g/ /ʔ/ /ɨ/ /d͡ʒ/ /k/ /k͡p/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/ /o/ /ɔ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /t/ /u/ /v/ /w/ /j/ /ʒ/

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Munka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Ingle, Jane (2013). The Bamunka Noun Phrase (PDF). Yaoundé: SIL.
  3. ^ a b c d e Ngeloh Takwe, Jeannette (October 2002). Structural Phonology of Bamunka (post-graduate diploma thesis). Yaoundé: The University of Yaoundé I.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Blackwell, Jonathan (2011). SIL (ed.). Proposed revision of Bamunka orthography revised 24 Feb 2011. Yaoundé.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Browne, Ciara (2010). "The Noun Phrase in Bamunka: Towards a Complexity Analysis". The ITB Journal. 11 (2). Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. doi:10.21427/D7VF1T.
  • Schaub, Willi (1983). Report on socio-linguistic survey in Ndop Western Grassfields languages (Sociolinguistic survey of Babungo, Bamessing, Babessi, Bamunka). Yaoundé: SIL.
  • Sorsamo, Hannu (2006). An introduction to the phonology of Bamunka. Yaoundé: SIL.
  • Sorsamo, Hannu (2006). Bamunka Orthography Guide (Provisional). Yaoundé: SIL.
  • Sorsamo, Hannu (2006). Observations on the Bamunka phonology and orthography. Yaoundé: SIL.


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