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Nasreddin

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Nasreddin

Nasreddin (/næsˈrɛdɪn/) or Nasreddin Hodja (variants include Mullah Nasreddin Hodja, Nasruddin Hodja, Mullah Nasruddin, Mullah Nasriddin, Khoja Nasriddin, Khaja Nasruddin) (1208–1285) is a character commonly found in the folklores of the Muslim world, and a hero of humorous short stories and satirical anecdotes. There are frequent statements about his existence in real life and even archaeological evidence in specific places, for example, a tombstone in the city of Akşehir, Turkey. There is currently no confirmed information or serious grounds to talk about the specific date or place of Nasreddin's birth, and his historicity remains an open question.

Nasreddin appears in thousands of stories, sometimes witty, sometimes wise, but in many of which he is presented as a (holy) fool or as the butt of a joke. A Nasreddin story usually has a subtle humour and a pedagogic nature. The International Nasreddin Hodja festival is celebrated between 5 and 10 July every year in Akşehir.

In 2020, an application to include "The tradition of telling comic tales about Nasreddin Khoja" in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list was jointly submitted by the governments of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Türkiye and Turkmenistan.

Many ethnic groups make claims about his origin. Many sources give the birthplace of Nasreddin as Hortu Village in Sivrihisar, Eskişehir Province, present-day Turkey, in the 13th century, after which he settled in Akşehir, and later in Konya under the Seljuq rule, where he died in 1275/6 or 1285/6 CE. It is claimed that the tomb of Nasreddin is in Akşehir, and the International Nasreddin Hodja Festival is held annually in Akşehir, 5–10 July.

There are also opposing views to the effect that Nasreddin's origin lies in Central Asia.

The Arabic version of the character, known as Juḥa (Arabic: جحا), is the oldest attested version of the character. The most divergent is mentioned in al-Jahiz's book "Concerning mules" (القول في البغال). According to al-Dhahabi's book "The balance of moderation (advisable) in the criticism of men" (ميزان الاعتدال في نقد الرجال), his full name was Abu al-Ghusn Dujayn al-Fizari, he lived under the Umayyad Caliphate in Kufa, and his mother was said to be a servant to Anas ibn Malik. He was one of the tabi'un in Sunni tradition.

[A]nd of them (juha), and he is nicknamed aba ghusn, and what has been told of him suggests astuteness and intelligence, although he be overwhelmingly made to appear foolish, and it has been said that some who would malign him fabricate deliberately tales intended to discredit him.

— Ibn al-Jawzi

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