Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads (NSA HR) is a United States Navy Echelon 4 regional support commander that is responsible to Navy Region Mid-Atlantic for the operation and maintenance of the installation of the same name that it is headquartered on. Adjacent to, but separate from Naval Station Norfolk, NSA Hampton Roads has the largest concentration of fleet headquarters administrative and communication facilities outside of Washington, D.C., including the headquarters for United States Fleet Forces Command, Naval Reserve Forces Command and United States Marine Corps Forces Command, along with components of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the home campus for the Joint Forces Staff College. NSA Hampton Roads is also home to NATO’s Joint Force Command Norfolk and NATO's Allied Command Transformation.

In addition, NSAHR manages Naval Support Activity Northwest Annex in the Hickory section of Chesapeake and provides installation support services to Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (NMCP).

NSA Hampton Roads traces its lineage back to the Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (now U.S. Fleet Forces Command). On 1 February 1941, when the Atlantic Fleet was resurrected, the LANTFLEET staff was headquartered in an odd assortment of ships; the USS Augusta (CA-31), then the old wooden ship USS Constellation, USS Vixen (PG-53), and then USS Pocono (AGC-16). In 1948, the LANTFLEET staff moved into the former naval hospital at Norfolk, Virginia, which is where it currently remains. It was at that time, that the Atlantic Fleet Commander would create the CINCLANTFLEET Flag Administrative Unit to provide limited logistic services and support to CINCLANTFLT staff's.

In May 1977, after a four-month study, the Chief of Naval Operations established the Atlantic Fleet Headquarters Support Activity (HSA) to provide administrative, personnel, logistics, maintenance, transportation, special services, supply, and fiscal services to tenant activities and commands so they could operate with maximum emphasis on their primary missions. In 1987, the chain of command was restructured once again, making the HSA an echelon four command under Commander, Naval Base, Norfolk (the predecessor for Navy Region Mid-Atlantic).

In 1999, HSA was redesignated a major command and dual-hatted with the responsibilities as the Installation Commander for three base installations and as the Program Director for Regional Support Services. The following year, Headquarters Support Activity was disestablished and renamed Naval Support Activity, Norfolk. In October 2011, NSA received approval to change its name to Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads, as it now included two additional bases that were not located in Norfolk.

The main campus of NSA Hampton Roads is located in Norfolk, Virginia, with Virginia State Route 406 (International Terminal Boulevard) bordering its southern side, Virginia State Route 337 (Hampton Boulevard) bordering its western side, and Interstate 564 bordering its eastern side, with the main entrance located on Terminal Blvd.

Most of the commands on the main campus are either force-level (Echelon II) or fleet level (Echelon III) commanders. It is the headquarters for four Echelon II commands -- United States Fleet Forces Command, Navy Reserve Forces, Operational Test and Evaluation Force and United States Marine Corps Forces Command, and for two Echelon III commands: Naval Air Force Atlantic, and Submarine Forces Atlantic.

It is also the home for part of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Operational Plans and Joint Force Development (J7) directorate alongside the Joint Forces Staff College. NATO's Allied Command Transformation and the joint NATO-USFF Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Center of Excellence are also both located on this campus.