The Navy Board (formerly known as the Council of the Marine or Council of the Marine Causes) was the commission responsible for the day-to-day civil administration of the Royal Navy between 1546 and 1832. The board was headquartered within the Navy Office.

The origins of the Navy Board can be traced back to the 13th century via the office of Keeper of the King's Ports and Galleys, later known as the Clerk of the King's Ships. The management of the navy expanded with the Keeper of the Storehouses, appointed in 1514, and the Clerk Comptroller in 1522. The Lieutenant of the Admiralty, Treasurer of Marine Causes, and Surveyor and Rigger of the Navy were all added in 1544, and a seventh officer, the Master of Naval Ordnance, was added a year later. By January 1545, this group was already working as a body known as the Council of the Marine or King's Majesty's Council of His Marine.

In the first quarter of 1545, an official memorandum proposed the establishment of a new organisation that would formalize a structure for administering the navy with a clear chain of command. The Navy Board was officially appointed to this role by letters patent of Henry VIII on the 24th of April 1546. It was directed by the Lieutenant of the Admiralty until 1557. The board was charged with overseeing the administrative affairs of the navy; directive, executive and operational duties of the Lord High Admiral remained with the Admiralty and Marine Affairs Office.

In 1557 the Lieutenant of the Admiralty ceased to direct the Navy Board, and that role was given to the Treasurer of the Navy, also known as the Senior Commissioner. The Navy Board remained independent until 1628, when it became a subsidiary body of the Board of Admiralty, now reporting to the First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1660, the Treasurer of the Navy ceased to direct the board and was replaced by the Comptroller, who now held the new joint title of "Chairman of the Board".

In 1832, Sir James Graham's proposals to restructure the Naval Service led to the abolition of the Navy Board, along with its subsidiary boards for Sick and Hurt, Transport, and Victualling. Operational functions were taken over by the Board of Admiralty, and administrative functions were dispersed between the Naval Lords.

The Navy Board as a whole held responsibilities including:

Individual officials held the following responsibilities:

Note: The Navy Pay Office (domain of the Treasurer of the Navy) was independent of the Board; though the Board's Commissioners were required to authorize payments, all funds were held and issued by the Pay Office (which was also known as the Navy Treasury).